Consul General Yang Yundong’s Speech at the Symposium Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War at the Chinese Consulate Karachi

Aslam-O-Alekum, Good afternoon everyone! This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. 80 years ago, as a member of the Anti-fascist Alliance, China fought shoulder to shoulder with the global anti-fascist forces, united in courageous battles against their common foes. With immense sacrifices and indomitable will, we ultimately defeated fascism, ushering in a new era in human history.
China stood as a pillar in the main Eastern theater in the global anti-fascist war. When talking about the World Anti-Fascist War, people’s attention often centers on the indispensable victories of the Allied forces in Normandy and the Pacific. However, one fact that must never be overlooked is that China, as the main Eastern theatre, waged an unwavering 14-year fight and made the sacrifices of tens of millions of soldiers and civilians, bearing half the burden of the global anti-fascist struggle. The Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression lasted for 14 years, from the “September 18th Incident” in 1931 to Japan’s surrender in September 1945. China’s resistance was the first to ignite and last to extinguish. For over a decade preceding the Pearl Harbor attack by Japan, China faced the Japanese militarist aggressors virtually all by itself. Throughout this protracted war, China paid an unprecedentedly heavy price, with total military and civilian casualties exceeding 35 million. Japanese invaders committed countless atrocities in China – burning, killing, looting, raping and all kinds of evils. To cite just one example: in December 1937, after capturing Nanjing, the then capital of China, the Japanese invaders carried out a horrific massacre that lasted over 40 days, during which 300,000 unarmed civilians and disarmed Chinese soldiers were brutally slaughtered. Over the course of these arduous 14 years of war, the Chinese people, through bloodshed and relentless struggle, completely shattered Japan’s arrogant plan to “conquer China within three months”. The Chinese theatre tied down and exhausted the main forces of the Japanese Army for a prolonged period, playing a decisive role in the ultimate defeat of Japanese aggression, and making an indelible historical contribution to the final victory of the global anti-fascist war. In 1942, the then President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt once said: “If there were no China, the Japanese could have immediately taken Australia, India, and charged straight into the Middle East to join forces with Germany.”
In this great struggle, the Communist Party of China (CPC) played a pivotal and leading role. With strong political leadership, the Communist Party of China united and rallied the forces of the entire nation of China in the War of Resistance, fostered the establishment of the National United Front, and formulated practical strategies and an effective roadmap to the final victory. The CPC shouldered, with unwavering resolve, the historic responsibility of saving the nation from peril.
China is a stabilizing force in safeguarding the current international order. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China has always been a builder of world peace and a guardian of the international order. From advocating the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in 1954 to becoming one of the major troop-contributing countries for UN peacekeeping operations; from promoting political solutions to hot-button issues, such as the North Korea nuclear issue and the Iran nuclear issue, to proposing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative; from joining multiple international arms control treaties to implementing a policy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons, China has demonstrated its commitment to peaceful development through concrete actions. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has deployed over 50,000 peacekeeping personnel to participate in nearly 30 UN peacekeeping missions, setting a fine example in strengthening the UN’s leading role in international security and promoting peaceful dispute resolution. Standing at a new Chapter of history, China will continue to uphold the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, contributing wisdom and strength to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
The China-Pakistan relationship serves as a key driver for regional peace and development. Under the strategic guidance of the leaders of our countries and the joint efforts of the two peoples, our bilateral relationship maintained sound and robust momentum of development. China firmly supports Pakistan in safeguarding its national sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, in resolutely combating terrorism, and in playing a greater role in international and regional affairs. On issues related to regional peace and stability, the two countries agree that outstanding disputes, including the Kashmir issue, should be properly resolved through peaceful means in accordance with the UN Charter, relevant UN Security Council resolutions and bilateral agreements. On issues related to regional development and prosperity, the two sides uphold multilateralism and free trade, reject exclusive “cliques” and bloc confrontation, and actively implement the Global Development Initiative. By advancing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation and upgrading the CPEC, we aim not only to achieve our own development but also to contribute to a prosperous South Asia.
Ladies and gentlemen, friends,
Last week, Pakistan proudly celebrated its 78th Independence Day, while the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression stands as an enduring monument to China’s pursuit of national independence. Shared historical destinies have closely bonded our two nations and peoples. Pakistan’s founding father, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, repeatedly condemned Japan’s atrocities in China and firmly supported China’s resistance. As key transit points on “the Hump”, airports in Peshawar, Karachi provided critical support for transporting strategic supplies to China. Pakistani laborers and logistics personnel worked tirelessly to build roads for aid supplies, establishing a vital land lifeline in support of China’s War of Resistance. The selfless assistance of the Pakistani people reflects your deep friendship with the Chinese people and embodies the great unity of the international anti-fascist united front.
Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

80 years ago, Japan was defeated, accepted the Potsdam Proclamation and announced its unconditional surrender. The war of aggression waged by Japanese militarists at that time inflicted catastrophes on the people of China and other Asian countries. A series of international documents, including the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, clearly defined Japan’s responsibility for the war and required that Japan return all the territories it had stolen from China, including Taiwan. This is an indisputable outcome of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War and constitutes an important part of the post-war international order. Yet till today, certain forces in Japan are still trying to whitewash or deny the aggression, distort or falsify history, and even honor the war criminals and justify their crimes. Such despicable and disgraceful actions bring shame upon themselves, and challenge the United Nations Charter, the post-war international order, human conscience, and all the people of the victorious countries. Only by facing up to history can respect be earned; only by drawing lessons from history can a future be forged; only by remembering the past can straying onto the wrong path again be avoided.
Today, We hold commemorative activities not to perpetuate hatred, but to honor history, to draw lessons from the past, and to look toward the future, to cherish and safeguard peace. Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah once said, “We are not afraid of the deep sea or fire, because we believe in the sun and future”, while Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized that the most valuable lesson from the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War is the unwavering commitment to the path of peaceful development.
Today, the world is witnessing an accelerating transformation unseen in a century. Unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonism are on the rise, making global unity and cooperation more essential than ever before. As important members of the Global South, China and Pakistan must work hand in hand to uphold the international system with the UN at its core and the international order based on international law. Let us jointly promote a multi-polar world that is equal and orderly, as well as an inclusive economic globalization that benefits all. Together, we will and we can advance the noble cause of peace and development for humanity!
Long live China-Pakistan friendship! Long live world peace!
Thank you?

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On a cloudy Tuesday morning, September 10th, the Pakistan Media Delegation began our day in Shanghai with a sense of anticipation and excitement. The weather was a welcome change; the cool breeze was refreshing compared to the sweltering heat we had experienced the previous day. As we gathered outside our hotel, our hosts from China Economic Net (CEN) were already there to guide us on a visit that many of us had eagerly anticipated: the Site of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
A Long-Awaited Visit

Led by our gracious host, Ms. Meng from CEN, we embarked on a short drive to the CPC Founding Site Memorial Hall, a place that holds immense historical and symbolic importance for China. For me personally, visiting this site was a realization of a long-held dream. As someone deeply interested in history and politics, standing at the very spot where the CPC was founded was both a humbling and inspiring experience.

Our group was warmly welcomed by Ms. Ye Hong, a 75-year-old retired teacher and dedicated volunteer at the Memorial Hall. Despite her age, Ms. Ye was full of energy and passion, embodying the spirit of the revolutionary era she was about to recount for us. Her deep knowledge and commitment to sharing the history of the CPC made the experience all the more memorable.

The Birthplace of the Communist Party of China
The First National Congress of the CPC took place in a modest brick building in the heart of Shanghai, now preserved as the CPC Founding Site Memorial Hall. It was here, in July 1921, that 13 delegates, including a young Mao Zedong, gathered to lay the foundations of what would become one of the world’s most influential political parties. At the time, China was a nation in turmoil, facing foreign occupation, internal conflict, and widespread poverty. Amidst these challenges, the congress was held in secret, reflecting the revolutionary spirit and the urgent need for change that drove its participants.

The building itself is unassuming, yet its historical significance is profound. The small rooms and narrow corridors stand in stark contrast to the grandeur of modern political venues. This simplicity is a poignant reminder of the humble beginnings of the CPC and the resolve of its early members. Ms. Ye Hong provided a detailed account of the first meeting, explaining how these visionary leaders united under the banner of Marxism-Leninism to chart a new course for China’s future.

The Vision of the First Congress: A Revolutionary Beginning
Ms. Ye’s briefing took us back to that pivotal moment in 1921, when the CPC was just a small group of idealists determined to fight for a new China. The Party’s early leaders were driven by a vision of liberation from imperialist powers and the establishment of equality for all Chinese citizens. Despite the risks of foreign surveillance and the constant threat of police raids, the delegates forged ahead with their plans, laying the groundwork for a movement that would transform the nation.

Ms. Ye emphasized the significance of the congress in the broader context of China’s revolutionary history. It marked the first time that representatives from different regions of China came together with a unified goal. The delegates, including Mao Zedong, were inspired by the recent success of the Russian Revolution and sought to adapt its principles to China’s unique socio-political landscape. They believed that Marxism, combined with the specific conditions of China, could offer a path towards national independence and social reform.

Preserving the Legacy: The Memorial Hall Today
The CPC Founding Site Memorial Hall has been meticulously preserved and restored to honor its historical significance. The building’s brick facade and wooden interiors have been maintained to reflect its original appearance from the early 20th century. Inside, the Memorial Hall features a series of exhibitions, showcasing photographs, documents, and personal artifacts of the Party’s founders. The displays provide a vivid glimpse into the revolutionary fervor of the time, highlighting the personal sacrifices and political struggles that shaped the early years of the CPC.

As we walked through the exhibits, we were struck by the tangible sense of history in the air. The photographs of young Mao Zedong and his fellow delegates, their faces filled with determination and hope, were particularly moving. These were men and women who dared to dream of a better future for China, at great personal risk. The documents on display included original manuscripts of speeches, handwritten notes, and early editions of Party publications, all preserved as reminders of the CPC’s revolutionary beginnings.

The Evolution of the CPC: From Revolution to Modern China
The briefing by Ms. Ye also highlighted the evolution of the CPC’s ideology over the decades. While the Party’s early principles were rooted in Marxism and Leninism, it adapted these theories to fit China’s unique socio-political context. This flexibility has been a defining feature of the CPC, allowing it to guide China through various phases of its development-from the struggles of the Chinese Civil War, to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, and the subsequent decades of economic reform and modernization.

Ms. Ye spoke passionately about the CPC’s journey, describing how the Party has remained committed to its core mission of improving the lives of the Chinese people. The Memorial Hall, she noted, is not just a museum; it is a symbol of national pride and a testament to the enduring legacy of the Party’s founders. It serves as a place of reflection, where visitors can contemplate the sacrifices made by the early revolutionaries and the progress achieved under the CPC’s leadership.

A Token of Appreciation
As our visit came to an end, we expressed our gratitude to Ms. Ye Hong for her enlightening and heartfelt presentation. In a gesture of friendship and cultural exchange, we presented her with a traditional Sindhi Ajrak, a symbol of hospitality and respect from Pakistan. Ms. Ye’s eyes lit up with joy as she accepted the gift, thanking us warmly and wishing us well for the remainder of our stay in China.

Before leaving, Ms. Ye walked us to our vehicle, waving goodbye as we departed. Her dedication to preserving and sharing the history of the CPC left a lasting impression on all of us.

Reflecting on Our Visit
The visit to the Site of the First National Congress of the CPC was a deeply moving experience, offering us a rare glimpse into the origins of a political movement that has shaped modern China. It was a journey back in time, to a moment of great uncertainty and hope, when a small group of visionaries dared to dream of a different future for their country.

For the Pakistan Media Delegation, this visit was not just about witnessing a historic site; it was about understanding the spirit of resilience and unity that has driven China’s remarkable transformation. As we left the Memorial Hall and continued our tour of Shanghai, we carried with us a newfound appreciation for the history and values that underpin China’s progress today.

The Site of the First National Congress of the CPC stands as a testament to the power of collective vision and the enduring legacy of those who believed in a better future. It is a place that inspires reflection and reminds us of the importance of commitment, sacrifice, and the relentless pursuit of a shared goal.

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The One-China principle is the fundamental premise and political foundation for China to establish and develop relations with all other countries

Recently, the leader of the Taiwan region has frequently made separatist rhetoric for “Taiwan independence”, falsely asserting that “the two sides of the Taiwan Strait should not be subordinate to each other”, inciting Taiwanese society to oppose the so-called “Chinese military threat and diplomatic suppression”. By fabricating so-called responses to the “Mainland threat” and other false narratives, he attempts to deceive the people on the island and mislead international opinion. Essentially, he is seeking “independence by relying on external forces” and “independence by military means”. Meanwhile, certain external forces have frequently played the “Taiwan card”, emboldening and supporting “Taiwan independence” separatist activities in an attempt to “contain China with Taiwan”. It’s obvious that “Taiwan independence” separatism and external interference are the major sources of instability in the Taiwan Straits.
Taiwan has been an inalienable part of China’s territory since ancient times and it has never been a country. China had already exercised effective jurisdiction over Taiwan during the Yuan Dynasty in the 13th century. In 1894, Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War and forced China to cede Taiwan. In 1943, China, the United States, and the United Kingdom issued the Cairo Declaration, which clearly stipulates that “all the territories Japan has stolen from China, including Taiwan, shall be restored to China”. Subsequently, in 1945, the Potsdam Proclamation, issued by China, the United States and the United Kingdom, stipulated in Article 8 that “the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out”. In the same year, Japan announced its surrender, unconditionally accepted the Cairo Declaration and ?the Potsdam Proclamation, and returned Taiwan to China. From then on, Taiwan has been under the jurisdiction of Chinese sovereignty. These documents, which have international legal validity, constituted an integral part of the post-war international order and also laid the legal foundation for Taiwan to be an inalienable part of China.
On October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was founded, becoming the successor to the Republic of China (1912-1949), and the Central People’s Government became the only legitimate government of the whole of China. The new government replaced the previous KMT regime in a situation where China, as a subject under international law, did not change and China’s sovereignty and inherent territory did not change. As a natural result, the government of the PRC should enjoy and exercise China’s full sovereignty, which includes its sovereignty over Taiwan. As a result of the civil war in China in the late 1940s and the interference of external forces, the two sides of the Taiwan Straits have fallen into a state of protracted political confrontation. But the sovereignty and territory of China have never been divided and will never be divided, and Taiwan’s status as part of China’s territory has never changed and will never be allowed to change.
At its 26th session in October 1971, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758, which undertook “to restore all its rights to the People’s Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of its Government as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations, and to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it”. This resolution settled once and for all the political, legal, and procedural issues of China’s representation in the UN, and it covered the whole country, including Taiwan. It also spelled out that China has one single seat in the UN, so there is no such thing as “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”. The specialized agencies of the UN later adopted further resolutions restoring to the PRC its lawful seat and expelling the representatives of the Taiwan authorities.
Since the adoption of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, the United Nations and its specialized agencies, as well as other intergovernmental organizations, have adhered to this resolution, consistently recognizing that Taiwan is a province of China and not granting any form of representation to the Taiwan authorities in the international community. The United Nations Office of Legal Affairs has issued multiple legal opinions clearly stating that “Taiwan is a part of China,” “Taiwan, as a province of China, has no independent status,” “the Taiwan authorities do not enjoy any form of governmental status,” and “if it is necessary to refer to ‘Taiwan’ in Secretariat documents, the term ‘Taiwan Province of China’ must be used.” For decades, the UN Secretary-General and spokespersons have also clearly stated that the UN adheres to the One-China principle guided by UN General Assembly Resolution 2758.
The One-China principle is the fundamental premise and political foundation for China to establish and develop relations with all other countries. All the 183 countries that have established diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China have politically committed to the One-China principle and incorporated it into their diplomatic communiqués, joint statements, and other political documents. And at the same time all of them severed so-called “diplomatic” relations with Taiwan. The China-US Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations, published in December 1978, states: “The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.” It also states: “The United States of America recognizes the Government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China”. This is a political commitment by the United States, forming the political foundation of Sino-US relations and being the original meaning of the US One-China policy.
No matter how the situation on the island of Taiwan changes, no matter who is in power, it cannot change the fact that both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one China, nor can it change the basic pattern and development direction of cross-strait relations, nor can it stop the historical trend of China’s eventual reunification. Whoever in Taiwan seeks “Taiwan independence” is splitting China’s territory and will be severely punished by history and law.
Since taking office, the new leader of the Taiwan region has clung to the “Taiwan Independence” party platform, stubbornly stuck to the “Taiwan Independence” separatist stance, refused to recognize the One-China principle and the “1992 Consensus”, and has even tried to align and cooperate with external forces. By fabricating false narratives such as the “Mainland threat”, and spreading false information to attack and smear the Mainland, he has attempted to incite confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.
Currently, some external forces are trying to play the “Taiwan card”, using Taiwan as a pawn to contain China’s development and progress and to hinder the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. As a signatory of the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, the United States should be well aware of the historical and legal fact that Taiwan belongs to China. However, in the 45 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the United States has repeatedly reneged on its commitment not to support “Taiwan independence”, openly conducted military contacts with Taiwan under the pretext of “arms sales” and “military assistance”, heavily armed Taiwan, and emboldened “Taiwan independence” separatist forces to seek independence. The attempt is to obstruct China’s reunification and is doomed to fail.
The Taiwan issue is China’s internal affair and the core of China’s core interests. Pakistan is China’s ironclad brother and strategic partner, and successive Pakistani governments have consistently and firmly supported China’s stance on the Taiwan issue, adhering to the One-China principle, recognizing Taiwan as an inalienable part of China’s territory, and supporting the Chinese government’s efforts to achieve national reunification. China highly appreciates this. We believe that regardless of the changes in the situation in the Taiwan Straits and the international landscape, Pakistani friends will firmly support the Chinese people’s just cause of opposing “Taiwan independence” separatist activities and striving for national reunification, implement the important consensus between the leaders of the two countries through practical actions, and work together with China to build a closer China-Pakistan Community of Shared Future in the New Era. -Courtesy: The Nation

The writer is the Consul General of China in Karachi.

CPC’s strategy in transforming China into global technology leader

CPC Background: The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded in 1921 and has been a major political force in China since the 1949 revolution that established the People’s Republic of China. Over the past several decades, the CPC has played a leading role in the economic, social, and technological transformation of China.
In the late 1970s, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, the CPC began a series of economic reforms that opened China to the global economy and transformed it into a major economic powerhouse. This transformation has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and created a large middle class in China.
To meet the challenges of the digital era, the CPC has prioritized innovation and technology as key drivers of economic and social development. The “Made in China 2025” plan, for example, aims to develop China’s high-tech industries and make the country a global leader in areas such as artificial intelligence, ecommerce, highspeed train, electric vehicles and 5G technology.

In addition to its economic and technological achievements, the CPC has also created a strong military, which has played a key role in defending China’s territorial integrity and sovereignty. The armed forces are modernizing and expanding their capabilities, but the CPC maintains a policy of peaceful development and opposes aggression and militarism.
Overall, the CPC has been a major force in the development of China, from its earliest days to the present. While it has faced many challenges and controversies over the years, it remains a powerful and influential political organization that will continue to play a key role in shaping China’s future.
CPC Philosophy & Vision: The CPC is a socialist political party that believes in a form of democracy that is specific to the Chinese context. The CPC believes in “socialist democracy,” which emphasizes rule by the people, consultation, and collective decision-making, rather than the more individualistic approach of liberal democracies.
The party’s position is that democracy should be combined with and guided by Marxism-Leninism, and that the state should represent the interests of the working class and the people. In practice, this means that the CPC has a dominant role in Chinese politics, with most high-level government officials being members of the party.
In practice, dominant socialist political parties often characterize Marxist-Leninist democracies, with the apparatus of the state being used to promote socialist and working-class interests.
Overall, the CPC faces complex challenges as it seeks to maintain economic growth, modernize the country, and maintain social stability while also addressing the concerns and needs of its citizens and navigating complex international relations.
The CPC has sought to balance the benefits of market-oriented economic reforms with the need for strong government intervention and control. This approach has helped China achieve rapid economic growth and development over the past few decades.
Strategy for Global Leadership: State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a vital role in the Chinese economy as they are owned and controlled by the government and are often involved in key industries such as energy, telecommunications, and transportation. There are several reasons why SOEs continue to play a prominent role in China’s economic development.
The Chinese government has implemented various reforms aimed at improving the performance and efficiency of SOEs, including efforts to increase transparency and accountability, promote mixed-ownership models, and encourage market-oriented reforms within the SOE sector.
Mixed-ownership models refer to a type of ownership structure where a state-owned enterprise (SOE) sells partial ownership or equity to private investors or other entities. This is aimed at increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of the SOE by introducing market competition and private sector management practices.
Under the mixed-ownership model, the SOE retains a controlling interest in the company, while the private investors or entities have a minority interest. This allows the SOE to maintain some degree of government control over the company while introducing new sources of capital and expertise. This type of ownership structure has been used in a variety of industries, including banking, energy, and transportation.
The use of mixed-ownership models is aimed at improving the performance and efficiency of the SOEs in these industries by introducing market competition and private sector management practices. In many cases, government control is necessary to achieve these goals, as allows for it centralized decision-making and can help prevent market failures. However, excessive government control can also lead to inefficiencies, corruption, and reduced economic freedom. Therefore, striking the right balance between government control and market-based mechanisms is important for ensuring sustainable economic growth and social welfare.
Targets for Excellence: The CPC has outlined several strategic goals and a future vision for China. These include to become a “great modern socialist country” by middle of the 21st century, building a “moderately prosperous society in all respects”, promoting economic development & innovation, improving people’s livelihoods, promoting social harmony & stability, developing a modernized military, protecting China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, encouraging environmental sustainability & green development, and strengthening international cooperation and global governance.
The CPC is committed to achieving these goals through a combination of centralized planning, market-based mechanisms, and cooperation with foreign countries. The party’s vision is of a strong, modern, and prosperous China that can play an increasingly significant role in global affairs while also maintaining its political and cultural identity.
The Chinese government has implemented a few policies and initiatives in recent years aimed at promoting innovation and technological developments. They are including the “Made in China 2025” plan, which aims to make China a world leader in high-tech industries, “Internet Plus” which focuses to promote the integration of the internet with traditional industries to create new businesses, establishment of special economic zones like Shenzhen, creation of the innovation funds and subsidies for high-tech startups, and promotion of science and technology education, including the establishment of world-class research universities.
The CPC has also emphasized the importance of innovation in the country’s overall development strategy and has identified it as a key driver of economic growth and development. The government has encouraged collaboration between the private sector, universities, and research institutions to promote innovation, and has supported the development of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, 5G, and quantum computing.
The Chinese government has outlined several long -term strategic goals for economic, social, and technological developments. Some of the key goals and initiatives include “Two Centenary Goals” for achieving a moderately prosperous society at the 100th CPC anniversary that was celebrated in 2021 and transforming country into a modern socialist society by the time of 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Energizing “Belt and Road Initiative, (BRI)”, to accelerate development and connectivity across Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Invigorate the “Made in China 2025” plan, which aims to make China a global leader in innovative technologies. Promote environmental sustainability and green development through the development of clean energy and green industries and promote science and technology education at earlier stages in the schools and establish world-class research institutions.
Overall, the CPC’s emphasis on economic development has played a critical role in lifting millions of Chinese citizens out of poverty and promoting the country’s rise as a global economic power. While there have been some concerns about issues like income inequality and environmental sustainability, the party remains committed to its goal of building a modern, prosperous society through continued economic growth and development.

The writer is Executive Director, Sino-Pak Enterprise.

China’s role in world politics

If we examine global politics over the last twenty years, it becomes evident that significant progress has been achieved only by countries that have prioritized economic development. These nations have devoted considerable attention to human resource development, with a strong emphasis on knowledge, science, and technology. This shift has led the center of global politics to focus increasingly on economic affairs, encompassing economic relations, trade, investment, and both inter-regional and international cooperation. In the current era, states with stable, expanding economies and a robust, democratic political leadership hold substantial global importance.
China exemplifies this trend, having unprecedentedly integrated into the world’s economy and political landscape. China’s success can be attributed to effective leadership, ideological coherence, and the selfless dedication of the Communist Party. Since assuming power in 1949, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has adeptly navigated historical challenges, transforming China from a nation in flux to the world’s second-largest economy. With one-fifth of the global population residing within its borders, China provides social security and opportunities for over 1.42 billion people, establishing itself as a global powerhouse and a cornerstone of global politics.
Official data underscores the CPC’s growing international influence, with membership reaching 98.04 million by the end of 2022. The Chinese Communist Party has weathered various wars, famines, and social crises over the past century, consistently steering China through turbulent times and into a leading role on the world stage.
Under CPC leadership, China has ascended to become the world’s largest manufacturer, exporter, and the second-largest importer. China has maintained an impressive annual growth rate averaging 9.9%, significantly reducing poverty rates by 90%. The nation has also lifted 800 million people out of poverty, boasting two of the world’s ten largest banks and 61 of the top 500 global companies. China’s extensive highway network and creation of nine million jobs annually underscore its economic prowess and developmental trajectory.
China’s rise to the position of the world’s second-largest economy has markedly enhanced its role in promoting global peace, fostering development worldwide, and advocating for a harmonious global future. The CPC’s foreign policy initiatives, such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the BRICS mechanism, underscore its commitment to international cooperation. The China-Central Asia Summit has further bolstered regional cooperation.
China’s strategic global initiatives, including BRICS and the BRI, aim to elevate the development of member countries and enhance global connectivity. By 2049, the BRI’s extensive investments across more countries, primarily in less developed nations, promise significant economic advancements. China’s leadership in green finance reflects its commitment to sustainable development, evident in its establishment of “green zones” within the BRI framework.
Moreover, China actively promotes bilateral and regional cooperation, championing global economic growth through platforms such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the China International Import Expo. Committed to supporting global governance and combating climate change, China continues to align its development agenda with global aspirations for a brighter future.
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the CPC has governed the world’s largest socialist country for over seven decades, transforming it from a poor and underdeveloped nation into a high-income economy. The CPC’s unparalleled achievements will undoubtedly leave a lasting mark in history. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the party has successfully orchestrated the miraculous eradication of extreme poverty in a nation of 1.4 billion people, marking one of the most significant achievements in human history. Under CPC leadership, China has not only achieved its goal of constructing a moderately prosperous society in all respects but has also elevated its global prominence, playing an increasingly active role in international affairs. Over the past two decades, millions of impoverished rural Chinese have risen out of extreme poverty, a historic accomplishment that has astonished the world.
Since 2011, China has replaced the United States as the world’s largest exporter, marking a pivotal shift in global economic dynamics. These achievements are attributable to the CPC’s organizational vigor and unwavering commitment to national development and improvement.
Thanks to its successful economic policies, China has ascended to become the world’s second-largest economy, significantly enhancing its global influence. As a responsible and influential developing nation, China has consistently played a pivotal role in safeguarding global peace, promoting worldwide development, and advocating for a shared future for humanity. China has actively engaged in resolving global conflicts, offering diplomatic solutions to crises ranging from the Russia-Ukraine conflict to issues in Palestine-Israel and Saudi Arabia. China has consistently supported peace talks, advocated for political settlements, and proposed practical measures for stabilization and reconstruction in Afghanistan and northern Myanmar. Moreover, China has contributed to nuclear non-proliferation efforts on the Korean Peninsula.
China’s strategic global initiatives, including BRICS, Belt andRoad Initiative, and CPEC, aim to enhance global connectivity and elevate the development of member countries. China’s influence in the Middle East is rapidly growing, fueled by increasing demands for renewable energy, artificial intelligence, and electric vehicles. China plays a leading role in global investments and is a pioneer in green finance, exemplified by its creation of “green zones” within the BRI framework.
In addition to fostering bilateral relations, China’s diplomacy is dedicated to promoting regional cooperation and development. China continues to strengthen international relations, actively supporting global efforts to combat climate change, reduce poverty, and promote sustainable development. China remains committed to advancing the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative, building on the achievements of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. China actively participates in various global economic platforms, including the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation , China International Import Expo, China International Consumer Products Expo, China International Fair for Trade in Services, and Canton Fair. By aligning its development goals with global interests, China collaborates with other nations to forge a brighter future for the world.

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The CPC’s economic policies have also focused on promoting high-tech industries and innovation. The government has invested heavily in research and development and has established programs such as the “Made in China 2025” initiative to promote the development of high-tech industries such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology. The aim is to move China’s economy up the value chain and reduce its dependence on low-tech manufacturing. These efforts have helped China become a leader in technological innovation, and have driven its economic growth and modernization.
This economic transformation of China is the outcome of a significant shift from a planned economy to a market-oriented one, starting in 1978. The country’s leadership, under the Communist Party of China (CPC), introduced market-oriented reforms, encouraging private enterprise, foreign investment, and competition. This shift ensures decentralization of decision-making, allowing local governments and enterprises to respond to market signals supported through the tools of price reforms, trade liberalization, and infrastructure investment that results
GDP growth in China from $149 billion in 1978 to over $14 trillion in 2020
This economic miracle is achieved through the support of large-scale industrialization, technological upgrading, investment in human capital, and rapid urbanization that has led to the emergence of a large and growing middle class, driving consumer demand and further fueling economic growth that improves living standards, education, and healthcare of individuals, making it one of the most successful development stories in history.
Pakistan can replicate China’s economic success by adopting similar strategies, including market-oriented reforms, infrastructure development, and human capital investment. Pakistan should liberalize its economy, encourage foreign investment, and establish special economic zones to attract businesses. Investing in education and vocational training will enhance the workforce’s skills while promoting export-led growth will increase competitiveness. Improving the business environment through regulatory reforms and innovation will also drive growth. By implementing these policies, Pakistan can transform its economy, achieve rapid growth, and improve living standards, mirroring China’s remarkable economic journey. Effective governance, institutional strengthening, and a long-term vision are essential to achieving this goal. Pakistan must learn from China’s experience of how a nation leverages its economic corridors and industrial zones to drive growth. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) offers a similar opportunity for Pakistan to attract investment, boost exports, and create jobs. To fully leverage this opportunity, Pakistan should focus on developing its industrial and infrastructure capabilities, improving the business environment, and enhancing regional connectivity. Additionally, Pakistan should prioritize education and skills development to ensure a competitive workforce, and encourage innovation and entrepreneurship to drive growth.

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This historic event marked the establishment of the Communist Party of China, which has since played a significant role in shaping the country’s political landscape and history.
current times, there is no parallel to the example set by a political party that has shaped history over a span of a century and three years as the Communist Party of China (CPC). While students of politics and history are well aware of the party’s establishment and existence, the rest of the world primarily sees China’s economic rise and development. However, the transformation of China before and after July 23, 1921, is starkly visible: from a nation steeped in poverty, despair, and economic stagnation to a country with mechanisms, policies, and hopeful dreams for the future.
Before the founding of the CPC on July 23, 1921, China was struggling without effective policies or visions for the future. Poverty and economic stagnation were widespread, leaving the people in dire conditions. However, the establishment of the CPC marked a significant turning point. Through its policies, strategic planning, relentless efforts, and tireless hard work, China has emerged as a shining star on the global stage, boasting a rich culture and civilization that captivates the world. The rapid development and progress of China can be credited to the visionary leadership of the CPC.
Reflecting on history, we can see how the CPC transformed China from zero to hero. The first meeting of the CPC, held on July 23, 1921, laid the foundation for this incredible journey. Indeed, history often leaves lasting impressions. This historical event, now commemorated as the Great Hall of the People, symbolizes the significant strides China has made under the CPC’s leadership.
To understand this transformation, we will examine various aspects of China’s development under the CPC. This includes economic reforms, industrial policies, urbanization and infrastructure development, environmental protection, social policies, governance, and anti-corruption measures. Additionally, we will explore China’s global initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative, which further illustrate China’s leading position today compared to a century ago.
The CPC’s journey from its inception to its current status is a testament to how a political party can change the fate of a nation. It serves as an example for other countries, particularly China’s friends and developing nations, to think, learn, and adopt a vision that can lead their political parties towards national development and prosperity, just as the CPC has demonstrated.
The development of China under the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been marked by significant economic, social, and political changes since the party came to power in 1949. Here are some key stages and aspects of this development:
Land Reforms and Social Changes:
The CPC implemented land reforms that redistributed land from landlords to peasants, aiming to eliminate feudal landholding patterns.
Reform and Opening-Up (1978-Present)
Economic Reforms:
Initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China began a series of market-oriented reforms.
The establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) like Shenzhen attracted foreign investment and boosted exports.
Gradual liberalization of the economy allowed for private businesses and market mechanisms alongside state-owned enterprises.
Rapid Economic Growth:
China experienced unprecedented economic growth, averaging around 10% GDP growth annually for several decades.
It became the world’s second-largest economy by nominal GDP.
Urbanization and Infrastructure Development:
Massive urbanization efforts moved hundreds of millions of people from rural areas to cities.
Infrastructure projects like the construction of extensive high-speed rail networks, highways, and urban development were prioritized.
Poverty Reduction:
The CPC claims to have lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, reducing the poverty rate from over 80% in 1978. Over the past 40 years the number of people in China with incomes below $ 1. 90 per day the international poverty line as defined by the World Bank to track global extreme poverty has fallen by close to 800 million. China has contributed close to three quarters of the global reduction in the number of people living in extreme poverty. China battles against poverty has benefited the large number of people in human history.
Technological and Scientific Advancements:
Significant investments in education, research, and technology have made China a global leader in areas like artificial intelligence, 5G technology, and renewable energy.
Initiatives like “Made in China 2025” aim to move China up the global value chain.
Anti-Corruption Campaigns:
Under Xi Jinping, the CPC launched extensive anti-corruption campaigns targeting both high-ranking officials and lower-level bureaucrats.
Xi Jinping’s Leadership:
His leadership has seen an increased emphasis on ethnic unity, military modernization, and a more assertive foreign policy.
International Relations and Global Influence
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI):
Launched in 2013, the BRI aims to enhance global trade routes through infrastructure investments in various countries, strengthening China’s global influence.
Global Economic Integration:
China’s integration into the global economy has been marked by its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, becoming a player in global trade.
Social Developments
Education and Healthcare:
There have been significant improvements in access to education and healthcare, with efforts to build a more skilled workforce and improve public health.
Environmental Policies:
The CPC has increasingly focused on environmental issues, aiming to reduce pollution and promote sustainable development, though challenges remain significant.
Cultural Policies:
The CPC promotes a specific narrative of Chinese history and culture, emphasizing national unity and the role of the party in China’s development.
China’s development under the CPC has been multifaceted, marked by significant economic achievements and social changes. The secret of the Communist Party of China success lies in its modern and peaceful policies through which China has now made its marks worldwide. China continues its journey of development with peace and the plans of China especially the Belt and Road Initiative which includes over 150 countries are benefiting not only China but also the countries through which this initiative passes. If we look at Africa and other third world countries, China through its large-scale projects, has effectively countered the propaganda against its projects. Xi Jinping has introduced reforms in recent times particularly the Belt and Road Initiative. Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative Global Civilization Initiative are symbols of great vision. Currently China role is prominently focused on peace that’s why more and more countries are trusting China expanding trade relations and expressing confidence in China projects.

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Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects

Full Text Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
October 16, 2022
Xi Jinping

PART – V

Ideological work is about forging the character of a country and the soul of a nation. We must ensure that the Party firmly exercises leadership over this work and that the responsibility system for it is fully implemented. We will cement and expand the mainstream thoughts and ideas that inspire hard work in the new era.

We will refine the working systems for arming Party members, educating the people, and guiding our practice with the Party’s new theories. We will make further progress in the project to study and develop Marxist theory. In philosophy and the social sciences, we will work faster to develop Chinese systems for fields of study, academia, and discourse, and we will cultivate a pool of talented philosophers and social scientists.

We will improve the systems for communications across all forms of media and create a new environment of mainstream public opinion. We will improve the system for conducting comprehensive cyberspace management and foster a healthy online environment.

2. Extensively applying the core socialist values

The core socialist values have immense power to rally the people’s support and pool their strength. We will carry forward the long line of inspiring principles for the Chinese Communists that originated with the great founding spirit of the Party; put resources related to the Party’s heritage to great use; conduct extensive public awareness activities to promote the core socialist values; enhance commitment to patriotism, collectivism, and socialism; and foster a new generation of young people to shoulder the mission of realizing national rejuvenation.

We will develop and institutionalize regular activities to foster ideals and convictions, and we will carry out public awareness initiatives on the history of the Party, the People’s Republic of China, reform and opening up, and the development of socialism, in order to foster love for the Party and the country. These efforts will help strengthen the people’s commitment to our common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Socialism

We will draw on the core socialist values to forge inner strength and inspire our people, improve the system of theoretical and political work, and integrate the political education curriculum across all levels, from elementary schools to universities.

We will uphold both the rule of law and the rule of virtue and see that the core socialist values are incorporated into efforts to advance the rule of law, into social development, and into the people’s daily lives.

3. Enhancing civility throughout society

We will continue the civic morality campaign, carry forward traditional Chinese virtues, foster stronger family ties, values, and traditions, and raise the intellectual and moral standards of minors. We will build public commitment to the greater good, public morality, and personal integrity. These efforts will help raise public moral standards and enhance public civility.

To promote cultural-ethical progress, we will take coordinated steps to raise awareness, apply principles, and develop initiatives and advance efforts in both urban and rural areas. We will foster an ethos of work, enterprise, dedication, creativity, and frugality throughout society and cultivate new trends and new customs for our times.

We will increase people’s knowledge of science and encourage everyone to read. The system and working mechanisms for volunteer services will be improved. We will promote integrity and credibility in society and work to perfect relevant long-term mechanisms.
We will see that Party and state awards and honors play a guiding and exemplary role and that a public atmosphere prevails in which people emulate paragons of virtue, look up to heroes, and strive to become pioneers.

4. Developing cultural programs and the cultural sector

We will encourage people-centered cultural creation and production of more outstanding works that inspire the people, and we will nurture a great number of writers and artists of both moral and artistic stature as well as a large contingent of talented personnel in culture and the arts.

We will make sure the cultural sector prioritizes social benefit while also producing economic returns, deepen reform of the cultural management system, and improve economic policy for the cultural sector.

We will implement a national cultural digitization strategy, improve the modern system of public cultural services, and launch new public-benefit cultural programs. We will improve the modern systems for cultural industries and markets and implement major cultural projects to spur the development of the sector.

We will put more effort into protecting cultural artifacts and heritage, better protect and preserve historical and cultural heritage in the course of urban and rural development, and build and make good use of national cultural parks. We will encourage positive interplay between culture and tourism and advance deeper integration of the two sectors.

We will launch extensive public fitness initiatives, improve physical education for our young people, promote all-around development of recreational and competitive sports, and move faster to build China into a country strong in sports.

5. Extending the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization

We will stay firmly rooted in Chinese culture. We will collect and refine the defining symbols and best elements of Chinese culture and showcase them to the world. We will accelerate the development of China’s discourse and narrative systems, better tell China’s stories, make China’s voice heard, and present a China that is credible, appealing, and respectable.

We will strengthen our international communications capabilities, make our communications more effective, and strive to strengthen China’s voice in international affairs so it is commensurate with our composite national strength and international status. We will deepen exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations and better present Chinese culture to the world.

IX. Improving the People’s Wellbeing and Raising Quality of Life

This country is its people; the people are the country. As the Communist Party of China has led the people in fighting to establish and develop the People’s Republic, it has really been fighting for their support. Bringing benefit to the people is the fundamental principle of governance. Working for the people’s wellbeing is an essential part of the Party’s commitment to serving the public good and exercising governance for the people. We must ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing in the course of pursuing development and encourage everyone to work hard together to meet the people’s aspirations for a better life.

We must strive to realize, safeguard, and advance the fundamental interests of all our people. To this end, we must do everything within our capacity to resolve the most practical problems that are of the greatest and most direct concern to the people. We will stay engaged with our people and their communities, adopt more measures that deliver real benefits to the people and win their approval, and work hard to resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern them most. We will improve the basic public services system to raise public service standards and make public services more balanced and accessible, so as to achieve solid progress in promoting common prosperity.

1. Improving the system of income distribution
The system of income distribution is the foundational system for promoting common prosperity. We will keep distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple forms of distribution existing alongside it, and we will build an institutional framework under which primary, secondary, and tertiary distribution are well coordinated and mutually complementary. We will work to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution.

We will ensure more pay for more work and encourage people to achieve prosperity through hard work. We will promote equality of opportunity, increase the incomes of low-income earners, and expand the size of the middle-income group.

We will improve the policy system for distribution based on factors of production, explore multiple avenues to enable the low- and middle-income groups to earn more from production factors, and increase the property income of urban and rural residents through more channels.

We will enhance the roles of taxation, social security, and transfer payments in regulating income distribution. We will improve the personal income tax system and keep income distribution and the means of accumulating wealth well-regulated. We will protect lawful income, adjust excessive income, and prohibit illicit income.

We will provide guidance and support for enterprises, social organizations, and individuals who have the desire and ability to actively participate in charitable and public-interest initiatives.

2. Implementing the employment-first strategy
Employment is the most basic component of the people’s wellbeing. We need to intensify efforts to implement the employment-?rst policy and improve related mechanisms to promote high-quality and full employment. We will refine the public services system for employment and the system of providing employment support for key groups and do more to help those in difficulty find employment and meet their basic needs.

We will integrate the urban and rural employment policy systems, remove institutional and policy barriers that impede the flow of labor and talent, and eliminate unjustified restrictions and discrimination that undermine equal employment. In this way, we will ensure that everyone has the opportunity to pursue a career through hard work.

We will improve the system of lifelong vocational training and tackle structural unemployment. We will improve the system for creating jobs by encouraging business startups and support and regulate the development of new forms of employment.

We will improve labor laws and regulations, the mechanisms for labor relation consultations and mediation, and the systems for safeguarding workers’ rights and interests, and we will do more to protect the rights and interests of those in flexible employment and new forms of employment.

3. Improving the social security system
The social security system provides a safety net for people’s livelihoods and helps ensure social stability. We will further improve the multi-tiered social security system that covers the entire population in urban and rural areas and see that it is fair, unified, reliable, well-regulated, and sustainable.

We will improve the unified national management system for basic old-age insurance funds and develop a multi-tiered and multi-pillar old-age insurance system. The statutory retirement age will be gradually raised. We will expand the coverage of social insurance programs, improve the mechanisms for financing and adjusting benefits for basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance, and work toward provincial-level unified management of funds for basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and workers’ compensation.

We will promote the orderly linking up of medical insurance programs at different levels, improve major disease insurance and medical assistance schemes, and see that medical expenses are settled where they are incurred. We will institute an insurance system to support long-term care and vigorously develop commercial medical insurance.

We will move faster to improve the nationally uni?ed public platform for social insurance services. Improvements will be made to the system whereby social security funds are kept safe through supervision and their value is maintained and increased over time. The multi-tiered and categorized social assistance system will be improved.

We will remain committed to the fundamental national policy of gender equality and protect the lawful rights and interests of women and children. For people with disabilities, we will improve the social security and service systems and promote all-around development of related programs.

Adhering to the principle that housing is for living in and not for speculation, we will move faster to build a housing system featuring multiple suppliers and various channels of support that encourages both housing rentals and purchases.
4. Advancing the Healthy China Initiative

People’s health is a key indicator of a prosperous nation and a strong country. We must give strategic priority to ensuring the people’s health and improve policies on promoting public health.

We will improve the population development strategy, establish a policy system to boost birth rates, and bring down the costs of pregnancy and childbirth, child rearing, and schooling.

We will pursue a proactive national strategy in response to population aging, develop elderly care programs and services, and provide better services for elderly people who live alone. By doing so, we can ensure that basic elderly care is accessible to the entire elderly population.
We will further reform the medical and healthcare systems and promote coordinated development and regulation of medical insurance, medical services, and pharmaceuticals. We will expand the availability of quality medical resources and ensure they are better distributed among regions. Giving priority to prevention, we will strengthen health management for major chronic diseases and enhance the capacity for disease prevention and treatment as well as health management at the community level.

We will deepen reform of public hospitals to see that they truly serve the public interest and better regulate the development of private hospitals. We will build up the ranks of medical and healthcare personnel with an emphasis on rural areas and urban communities.
We will place importance on mental and psychological health. We will promote the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine.

We will develop new mechanisms for enhancing collaboration and integration between hospitals and institutions for disease prevention and control. We will also improve the public health system, improve our early warning system for major epidemics, and strengthen the systems for epidemic prevention, control, and treatment as well as our emergency response capacity so as to effectively contain major infectious diseases.

We will further advance the Healthy China Initiative and patriotic health campaigns and promote sound, healthy lifestyles.

X. Pursuing Green Development and Promoting Harmony
between Humanity and Nature

Nature provides the basic conditions for human survival and development. Respecting, adapting to, and protecting nature is essential for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects. We must uphold and act on the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and we must remember to maintain harmony between humanity and nature when planning our development.

We will advance the Beautiful China Initiative and take a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts. We will carry out coordinated industrial restructuring, pollution control, ecological conservation, and climate response, and we will promote concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, expand green development, and pursue economic growth. We will prioritize ecological protection, conserve resources and use them efficiently, and pursue green and low-carbon development.

1. Socialism Accelerating the transition to a model of green development

A green and low-carbon economy and society are crucial to high-quality development. We must work faster to adjust and improve the industrial structure, the energy mix, and the composition of the transportation sector. We will implement a comprehensive conservation strategy, conserve resources of all types and use them efficiently, and move faster to put in place a system for recycling waste and used materials. Fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, and pricing policies and systems of standards will be improved to support green development. We will boost green and low-carbon industries and improve the system for market-based allocation of resources and environmental factors. We will accelerate the R&D, promotion, and application of advanced energy-saving and carbon emission reduction technologies, encourage green consumption, and promote green and low-carbon ways of production and life.

2. Intensifying pollution prevention and control

We will continue to control pollution in a lawful, targeted, and science-based way, and we will make further efforts to keep our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean. Pollutants will be controlled in a better-coordinated way, and we will basically eliminate serious air pollution. We will make concerted efforts to improve aquatic environments, water resources, and aquatic ecosystems, strengthen ecological conservation of major rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, and generally eliminate black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We will strengthen prevention and control of soil contamination at the source and control new pollutants. The environmental infrastructure will be upgraded and living environments in both urban and rural areas will be improved. The pollutant discharge permit system will be implemented across the board, and more will be done to modernize the environmental governance system. We will rigorously prevent and control environmental risks and strengthen central government environmental inspections.

3. Enhancing diversity, stability, and sustainability in our ecosystems

Major projects for preserving and restoring key ecosystems will be carried out at a faster pace in priority areas, including key national ecosystem service zones, ecological conservation redlines, and nature reserves. We will develop the national park-based nature reserve system and carry out major biodiversity protection projects. Large-scale greening programs will be rolled out in a well-planned way, and reform of collective forest tenure will be deepened. We will promote the natural regeneration of grasslands, forests, rivers, lakes, and wetlands, enforce the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, and improve the system of fallowing and crop rotation.

We will establish mechanisms to realize the market value of ecosystem goods and services and improve the compensation system for ecological conservation. Biosafety and biosecurity management will be strengthened, and efforts will be made to prevent and treat harm caused by invasions of exotic species.

4. Working actively and prudently toward the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutralit

Reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will mean a broad and profound systemic socio-economic transformation. Based on China’s energy and resource endowment, we will advance initiatives to reach peak carbon emissions in a well-planned and phased way in line with the principle of building the new before discarding the old. We will exercise better control over the amount and intensity of energy consumption, particularly of fossil fuels, and transition gradually toward controlling both the amount and intensity of carbon emissions.

We will promote clean, low-carbon, and high-efficiency energy use and push forward the clean and low-carbon transition in industry, construction, transportation, and other sectors. We will thoroughly advance the energy revolution. Coal will be used in a cleaner and more efficient way, and greater efforts will be made to explore and develop petroleum and natural gas, discover more untapped reserves, and increase production. We will speed up the planning and development of a system for new energy sources, properly balance hydropower development and ecological conservation, and develop nuclear power in an active, safe, and orderly manner. We will strengthen our systems for energy production, supply, storage, and marketing to ensure energy security. We will improve the statistics and accounting system and the cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions. The carbon absorption capacity of ecosystems will be boosted. We will get actively involved in global governance in response to climate change.

XI. Modernizing China’s National Security System and Capacity and
Safeguarding National Security and Social Stability

National security is the bedrock of national rejuvenation, and social stability is a prerequisite for building a strong and prosperous China. We must resolutely pursue a holistic approach to national security and promote national security in all areas and stages of the work of the Party and the country, so as to ensure national security and social stability.

We must take the people’s security as our ultimate goal, political security as our fundamental task, economic security as our foundation, military, technological, cultural, and social security as important pillars, and international security as a support. We will take coordinated steps to ensure external and internal security, homeland and public security, traditional and non-traditional security, and our own security and common security. We will both uphold national security and create the conditions for ensuring it. We will strengthen popular support for national security and social stability, improve the mechanisms for our participation in global security governance, and advance the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level. With this new security architecture, we will be able to better safeguard China’s new pattern of development.

1. Improving the national security system

We must uphold the Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership over national security work and make sure that our leadership system for national security is high-performing and authoritative. The mechanisms for coordinating national security work will be strengthened. Improvements will be made in the legal, strategy, and policy systems for national security as well as the risk monitoring and early warning systems and the national emergency management system.

We will also improve the systems that safeguard security in key sectors and the coordination and command systems for major projects. We will strengthen the safeguards for ensuring economic, major infrastructure, financial, cyber, data, biological, resource, nuclear, space, and maritime security. Mechanisms for countering foreign sanctions, interference, and long-arm jurisdiction will be strengthened. We will improve the allocation of national security resources and create a coordinated, multi-dimensional, and highly effective system for protecting national security across all domains.

2. Strengthening our capacity for safeguarding national security

We will resolutely safeguard the security of China’s state power, systems, and ideology and build up security capacity in key areas. We will ensure the security of food, energy, and resources as well as key industrial and supply chains. We will strengthen our capacity to ensure overseas security and protect the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal entities overseas. We will safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests and resolutely defend our country’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. We will enhance our capacity to prevent and mitigate major risks and will remain on high alert against systemic security risks. We will crack down hard on infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities by hostile forces. -Xinhua
(To be Continued)

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Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism

Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to
Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects

Full Text Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
October 16, 2022
Xi Jinping

PART – IV

the foundational and strategic pillars for building a modern socialist country in all respects. We must regard science and technology as our primary productive force, talent as our primary resource, and innovation as our primary driver of growth. We will fully implement the strategy for invigorating China through science and education, the workforce development strategy, and the innovation-driven development strategy. We will open up new areas and new arenas in development and steadily foster new growth drivers and new strengths.

We will continue to give high priority to the development of education, build China’s self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and rely on talent to pioneer and to propel development. We will speed up work to build a strong educational system, greater scientific and technological strength, and a quality workforce. We will continue efforts to cultivate talent for the Party and the country and comprehensively improve our ability to nurture talent at home. All this will see us producing first-class innovators and attracting the brightest minds from all over.

1. Developing education that meets the people’s expectations
Education is of critical importance to the future of our country and our Party. What kind of people we should cultivate, how, and for whom-these are the fundamental issues that education must address Socialism

The most basic aim of education is to foster virtue. We will fully implement the Party’s educational policy, carry out the basic task of fostering virtue through education, and nurture a new generation of capable young people with sound moral grounding, intellectual ability, physical vigor, aesthetic sensibility, and work skills who will fully develop socialism and carry forward the socialist cause.

We will continue to follow a people-centered approach to developing education, move faster to build a high-quality educational system, advance students’ well-rounded development, and promote fairness in education. We will accelerate high-quality, balanced development and urban-rural integration in compulsory education. We will better allocate educational resources across regions, strengthen public-bene?t preschool education and special needs education, ensure the diversified development of senior secondary schools, and improve the financial aid system so it covers students at all stages of schooling.

We will promote collaborative innovation in vocational education, higher education, and continuing education and promote integration between vocational education and general education, between industry and education, and between science and education. We will better establish vocational education as a category in the educational system.

We will do more to develop basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary subjects and speed up the development of world-class universities and strong disciplines with Chinese features. We will better guide and regulate the development of private schools.

We will intensify efforts to promote standard spoken and written Chinese. We will advance comprehensive reform in education, strengthen the creation and management of teaching materials, refine the systems for school management and educational assessments, and improve mechanisms for school-family-society collaboration in education.

We will strengthen the professional integrity, conduct, and ability of our teachers, foster public respect for educators, and encourage public support for education. We will promote the digitalization of education and build a society and country of learning where lifelong learning is pursued by all.

2. Improving systems for scientific and technological innovation
Innovation will remain at the heart of China’s modernization drive. We will improve the system in which the Party Central Committee exercises unified leadership over science and technology work. We will improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to make key technological breakthroughs. We will boost China’s strength in strategic science and technology, better allocate innovation resources, and better define the roles of national research institutes, advanced-level research universities, and leading high-tech enterprises to improve their layout.

We will establish a system of national laboratories, coordinate the development of international and regional centers for scientific and technological innovation, enhance basic scientific and technological capacity, and ensure better strategic input from the science and technology sector, so as to boost the overall performance of China’s innovation system.

We will deepen structural scientific and technological reform and reform of the system for appraisal of scientific and technological advances. We will increase investment in science and technology through diverse channels and strengthen legal protection of intellectual property rights, in order to establish a foundational system for all-around innovation. We will nurture a culture of innovation, encourage dedication to science, cultivate fine academic conduct, and foster an enabling environment for innovation.

We will expand science and technology exchanges and cooperation with other countries, cultivate an internationalized environment for research, and create an open and globally-competitive innovation ecosystem.

3. Accelerating the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy
Setting our sights on the global frontiers of science and technology, national economic development, the major needs of the country, and the health and safety of the people, we should speed up efforts to achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology.

To meet China’s strategic needs, we will concentrate resources on original and pioneering scientific and technological research to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. In order to enhance China’s innovation capacity, we will move faster to launch a number of major national projects that are of strategic, big-picture, and long-term importance. We will strengthen basic research, prioritize original innovation, and encourage researchers to engage in free exploration.

To inspire greater creativity, we will invest more effectively in science and technology and advance reform of the mechanisms for the allocation and use of government research funds. We will promote closer enterprise-led collaboration between industries, universities, and research institutes, stay goal-oriented, and promote the industrial application of scientific and technological advances.

We will reinforce the principal role of enterprises in innovation, give full play to the guiding and supporting role of key high-tech enterprises, create an enabling environment for the growth of micro, small, and medium technological enterprises, and promote deeper integration of the innovation, industrial, capital, and talent chains.

4. Implementing the workforce development strategy
Cultivating a large workforce of high-quality talent who have both integrity and professional competence is of critical importance to the long-term development of China and the Chinese nation.

A wealth of talent is vital to the success of a great cause. We should follow the principle of the Party managing talent, and we should respect work, knowledge, talent, and creativity. We will adopt more proactive, open, and effective policies on talent and encourage our talent to love the Party, dedicate themselves to the country and contribute to its cause, and serve the people. We will improve the strategic distribution of human resources and make concerted efforts to cultivate talented people in all fields, so as to create a large, well-structured, and high-quality workforce.

We will move faster to build world hubs for talent and innovation, promote better distribution and balanced development of talent across regions, and strive to build up our comparative strengths in global competition for talent. We will speed up efforts to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of strategic importance and cultivate greater numbers of master scholars, science strategists, first-class scientists and innovation teams, young scientists, outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly-skilled workers.

We will increase international personnel exchanges and make the best use of talent of all types to fully harness their potential. We will further reform the systems and mechanisms for talent development and ensure we value talented people, nurture them, attract them, and put them to good use. No effort should be spared and no rigid boundaries drawn in the endeavor to bring together the best and the brightest from all fields for the cause of the Party and the people.

VI. Advancing Whole-Process People’s Democracy and
Ensuring that the People Run the Country

China is a socialist country of people’s democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class based on an alliance of workers and farmers; all power of the state in China belongs to the people. People’s democracy is the lifeblood of socialism, and it is integral to our efforts to build a modern socialist country in all respects. Whole-process people’s democracy is the defining feature of socialist democracy; it is democracy in its broadest, most genuine, and most effective form.

We must firmly stay on the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics, uphold the unity between Party leadership, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, and ensure the principal position of the people, so as to give full expression to their will, protect their rights and interests, and spark their creativity.

We will improve the system of institutions through which the people run the country. We will encourage the people’s orderly participation in political affairs and guarantee their ability to engage in democratic elections, consultations, decision-making, management, and oversight in accordance with the law. We will inspire the people’s motivation, initiative, and creativity, so as to consolidate and develop a lively, stable, and united political atmosphere.

1. Strengthening the institutions through which the people run the country
We must uphold and improve our country’s foundational, basic, and important political systems, expand democratic channels, and diversify the forms of democracy, so as to ensure that people participate in various ways in the management of state, economic, cultural, and social affairs in accordance with the law.

We will support and ensure the people’s exercise of state power through people’s congresses, and we will ensure that people’s congresses at all levels are formed through democratic elections, responsible to the people, and subject to their oversight.

We will support and ensure that people’s congresses and their standing committees lawfully exercise the powers of enacting laws, conducting oversight, making decisions, and appointing and removing officials. We will improve the system under which people’s congresses conduct oversight of administrative, supervisory, adjudicatory, and procuratorial organs, and we will uphold the unity, sanctity, and authority of the law.

We will see that deputies to people’s congresses are better able to carry out their work and that they strengthen ties with the general public. We will improve working mechanisms for drawing on public opinion and pooling the wisdom of the people and ensure that local legislative outreach offices are well-run. We will intensify reform and development of trade unions, Chinese Communist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other people’s organizations and give full play to their role as bridges connecting the Party and the people. We will follow a Chinese path of human rights development, actively participate in global human rights governance, and promote all-around advancement of human rights.

2. Fully developing consultative democracy
Consultative democracy is an important way by which whole-process people’s democracy is practiced. We will improve the system of consultative democracy, make coordinated efforts to promote consultations carried out by political parties, people’s congresses, government departments, committees of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), people’s organizations, communities, and social organizations, and improve various institutional consultative platforms, so as to promote extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy.

We will uphold and improve the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation and ensure the integration of Party leadership, the united front, and consultative democracy. We will give play to the CPPCC’s role as a specialized consultative body and see that it coordinates efforts to promote democracy and unity while making proposals on state affairs and building consensus. Improvements will be made to institutions, standards, and procedures to help the CPPCC ensure that in-depth consultations and interactions are conducted, opinions are fully expressed, and broad consensus is built. Efforts will be also made to improve the systems and mechanisms through which CPPCC committees conduct democratic oversight and their members stay engaged with people from various sectors.

3. Actively developing democracy at the primary level
Primary-level democracy is an important manifestation of whole-process people’s democracy. We will improve the mechanism for community-level self-governance under the leadership of primary-level Party organizations, build up the strength of primary-level organizations, and improve the institutional and working systems for direct democracy at the primary level to see that urban and rural communities can more effectively manage, serve, educate, and oversee themselves.

We will increase transparency in government affairs, establish more channels for people from various sectors to participate in community-level governance in an orderly way, and ensure that the people manage public affairs and run public-interest programs at the primary level in accordance with the law.

We will rely wholeheartedly on the working class and improve the system of democratic management in enterprises and public institutions, which takes basic shape in the form of workers’ congresses, so as to protect workers’ lawful rights and interests.

4. Consolidating and developing the broadest possible patriotic united front
The people’s support is of the utmost political importance, and the united front is an effective instrument for rallying the people’s support and pooling their strength. We will build a broad united front to forge great unity and solidarity, and we will encourage all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to dedicate themselves to realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

We will leverage the strengths of our country’s new type of socialist political party system. Following the principles of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincerity, and sharing the rough times and the smooth, we will strengthen our Party’s unity and cooperation with other political parties and prominent figures without party affiliation. We will also support other political parties in improving themselves and performing their roles more effectively.

We will, with a focus on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, continue to take the correct and distinctively Chinese approach to handling ethnic affairs, uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and improve the Party’s work on ethnic affairs, so as to comprehensively promote ethnic unity and progress.

We will remain committed to the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation and provide active guidance to religions so that they can adapt to socialist society. We will strengthen communication with intellectuals who are not Party members on theoretical and political issues and improve our work concerning people from emerging social groups in an effort to provide better political guidance for pursuing common goals.

We will cultivate a cordial and clean relationship between government and business across the board and facilitate the healthy development of the non-public sector and those working Socialism.

We will improve and strengthen our work related to Chinese nationals overseas to give shape to a powerful joint force for advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

VII. Exercising Law-Based Governance on All Fronts
and Advancing the Rule of Law in China

The comprehensive advancement of law-based governance has been a profound revolution in China’s governance. Law-based governance is important for the Party’s success in governing and rejuvenating the country, for the wellbeing of the people, and for the long-term stability of the Party and the country. We must give better play to the role of the rule of law in consolidating foundations, ensuring stable expectations, and delivering long-term benefits, and we must strive to build a modern socialist country in all respects under the rule of law.

We must follow a path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, develop a Chinese system of socialist rule of law, and establish China as a socialist country under the rule of law. We must, with a focus on protecting and promoting social fairness and justice, pursue coordinated progress in law-based governance, law-based exercise of state power, and law-based government administration and take integrated steps to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law. We will make all-around efforts to ensure sound legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and society-wide observance of the law and see that all work of the state is carried out under the rule of law.

1. Improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution at its core
Law-based governance and law-based exercise of state power begin with compliance with the Constitution. We must remain firmly committed to leadership of the Party, to the state system of people’s democratic dictatorship, and to the political system of people’s congresses, all of which are mandated by the Constitution. We will better implement the Constitution and conduct constitutional oversight, and we will improve the systems for ensuring full compliance with the Constitution, so as to give better play to the Constitution’s important role in China’s governance and uphold its authority.

We will step up legislation in key, emerging, and foreign-related fields and advance the rule of law in domestic and foreign-related affairs in a coordinated manner, so that good laws are made to promote development and ensure good governance. We will make further headway in making laws in a well-conceived and democratic way and in accordance with the law; we will take coordinated steps to enact, revise, abolish, interpret, and codify laws; and we will see that legislative work is more systematic, holistic, coordinated, and responsive. Improvements will be made to the record and review system for normative documents. We must ensure sound, democratic, and law-based decision-making and fully implement the procedural system for making major decisions.

2. Steadily advancing law-based government administration
Building a law-based government is a key task and major part of comprehensively advancing law-based governance. We will transform government functions, improve the government responsibility system and organizational structure, and establish legal footing for government institutions, functions, powers, procedures, and responsibilities, so as to enhance the efficiency and credibility of government administration. We will deepen reform of public institutions.

With regard to administrative law enforcement, we will advance structural reform to ensure that it is strict, procedure-based, impartial, and civil across the board, and we will intensify it in key areas involving the people’s immediate interests. We will refine law enforcement procedures and the standards for administrative discretion, enhance oversight mechanisms and oversight capacity, and strictly implement responsibility and accountability systems. We will also improve the systems and mechanisms for coordinated law enforcement at the community level.

3. Ensuring strict and impartial administration of justice
An impartial judiciary is the last line of defense for social fairness and justice. We will deepen comprehensive and integrated reform of the judicial system, fully and faithfully enforce judicial accountability, and accelerate the development of a fair, efficient, and authoritative socialist judicial system. We will see that the people feel justice has been served in each and every judicial case.

We will ensure the well-regulated exercise of judicial power and improve the systems and mechanisms that enable public security organs, procuratorates, courts, and administrative agencies for justice to perform their respective functions and to coordinate with and check one another. Checks and oversight on judicial activities will be enhanced to ensure judicial justice. Procuratorial organs will step up legal oversight, and the system of public-interest litigation will be improved.

4. Stepping up efforts to establish the rule of law throughout society
A society based on the rule of law is the foundation on which we can build a country under the rule of law. We will promote socialist rule of law and carry forward fine traditional Chinese legal culture, and we will encourage all our people to truly revere, readily observe, and firmly defend socialist rule of law. We will develop a modern public legal service system that covers both urban and rural populations and carry out intensive activities to raise public awareness of the rule of law. We will advance law-based governance at multiple levels and in multiple areas and enhance the rule of law in social governance. We will see that leading officials play an exemplary role and work hard to make respecting, learning about, observing, and applying the law common practice throughout society.

VIII. Building Cultural Confidence and Strength and Securing
New Successes in Developing Socialist Culture

To build a modern socialist country in all respects, we must develop a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics and be more confident in our culture. In our efforts to turn China into a country with a strong socialist culture, we will focus on upholding socialism with Chinese characteristics, rallying public support, fostering a new generation of young people, developing Chinese culture, and better presenting China to the world. We will develop a sound, people-oriented socialist culture for our nation that embraces modernization, the world, and the future. We will ignite the cultural creativity of the entire nation and build a powerful source of inspiration for realizing national rejuvenation.Socialism

We should uphold the foundational system for ensuring the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain. We will ensure that culture serves the people and serves socialism. We will follow the principle of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and we will encourage creative transformation and innovative development of traditional Chinese culture. Guided by the core socialist values, we will develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, and carry forward fine traditional Chinese culture. In doing so, we will be well-placed to meet people’s ever-growing intellectual and cultural needs, consolidate a common intellectual foundation for the whole Party and all Chinese people to strive in unity, and continuously grow China’s cultural soft power and the appeal of Chinese culture.

1. Developing a socialist ideology that has the power to unite and inspire the people-Xinhua
(To be Continued)

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Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism

Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to
Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects

Full Text Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
October 16, 2022
Xi Jinping

PART-III

It is the modernization of material and cultural-ethical advancement. Material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment are fundamental goals of socialist modernization. Material want is not socialism, nor is cultural impoverishment. While continuing to consolidate the material foundation for modernization and improve the material conditions for people’s wellbeing, we will strive to develop advanced socialist culture, foster strong ideals and convictions, and carry forward China’s cultural heritage. We will thus promote all-around material abundance as well as people’s well-rounded development.

-It is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. Humanity and nature make up a community of life. If we extract from nature without limit or inflict damage on it, we are bound to face its retaliation. China is committed to sustainable development and to the principles of prioritizing resource conservation and environmental protection and letting nature restore itself. We will protect nature and the environment as we do our own lives. We will continue to pursue a model of sound development featuring improved production, higher living standards, and healthy ecosystems to ensure the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

-It is the modernization of peaceful development. In pursuing modernization, China will not tread the old path of war, colonization, and plunder taken by some countries. That brutal and blood-stained path of enrichment at the expense of others caused great suffering for the people of developing countries. We will stand firmly on the right side of history and on the side of human progress. Dedicated to peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, we will strive to safeguard world peace and development as we pursue our own development, and we will make greater contributions to world peace and development through our own development.

The essential requirements of Chinese modernization are as follows: upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China and socialism with Chinese characteristics, pursuing high-quality development, developing whole-process people’s democracy, enriching the people’s cultural lives, achieving common prosperity for all, promoting harmony between humanity and nature, building a human community with a shared future, and creating a new form of human advancement.

To build China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, we have adopted a two-step strategic plan:
nBasically realize socialist modernization from 2020 through 2035
nBuild China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful from 2035 through the middle of this century
China’s overall development objectives for the year 2035 are as follows:

nSignificantly increase economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, and composite national strength; substantially grow the per capita GDP to be on par with that of a mid-level developed country
nJoin the ranks of the world’s most innovative countries, with great self-reliance and strength in science and technology
nBuild a modernized economy; form a new pattern of development; basically achieve new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization
nBasically modernize the system and capacity for governance; improve the system for whole-process people’s democracy; build a law-based country, government, and society
nBecome a leading country in education, science and technology, talent, culture, sports, and health; significantly enhance national soft power
nEnsure that the people are leading better and happier lives; bring per capita disposable income to new heights; substantially grow the middle-income group as a share of the total population; guarantee equitable access to basic public services; ensure modern standards of living in rural areas; achieve long-term social stability; make more notable and substantive progress in promoting the people’s well-rounded development and prosperity for all
nBroadly establish eco-friendly ways of work and life; steadily lower carbon emissions after reaching a peak; fundamentally improve the environment; largely accomplish the goal of building a Beautiful China
nComprehensively strengthen the national security system and national security capabilities; achieve basic modernization of national defense and the armed forces.

After basically realizing modernization, we will continue to work hard and build China into a great modern socialist country that leads the world in terms of composite national strength and international influence by the middle of the century.
The next five years will be crucial for getting our efforts to build a modern socialist country in all respects off to a good start. Our main objectives and tasks for this period are as follows:

nMake breakthroughs in promoting high-quality economic development; achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology; make major progress in creating a new pattern of development and building a modernized economy
nMake new strides in reform and opening up; make further progress in modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance; further improve the socialist market economy; put in place new systems for a higher-standard open economy
nFurther enhance the institutions, standards, and procedures of whole-process people’s democracy; improve the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics
nEnrich the intellectual and cultural lives of our people; enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the appeal of Chinese culture
nEnsure personal income grows basically in step with economic growth and pay rises in tandem with increases in productivity; ensure much more equitable access to basic public services; develop a better multi-tiered social security system
nSubstantially improve urban and rural living environments; make notable progress in building a Beautiful China
nFurther consolidate national security; fulfill the goals for the centenary of the People’s Liberation Army in 2027; make solid progress in building a Peaceful China
nFurther increase China’s international standing and influence; enable China to play a greater role in global governance
Building a modern socialist country in all respects is a great and arduous endeavor. Our future is bright, but we still have a long way to go. At present, momentous changes of a like not seen in a century are accelerating across the world.

A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is well under way, and a significant shift is taking place in the international balance of power, presenting China with new strategic opportunities in pursuing development. At the same time, however, the once-in-a-century pandemic has had far-reaching effects; a backlash against globalization is rising; and unilateralism and protectionism are mounting. The global economic recovery is sluggish, regional conflicts and disturbances are frequent, and global issues are becoming more acute. The world has entered a new period of turbulence and change.

At home, we face many deep-seated problems regarding reform, development, and stability that cannot be avoided or bypassed. In our efforts to strengthen the Party, and especially to improve conduct, build integrity, and combat corruption, we are confronted with many stubborn and recurrent problems. External attempts to suppress and contain China may escalate at any time.

Our country has entered a period of development in which strategic opportunities, risks, and challenges are concurrent and uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising. Various “black swan” and “gray rhino” events may occur at any time. We must therefore be more mindful of potential dangers, be prepared to deal with worst-case scenarios, and be ready to withstand high winds, choppy waters, and even dangerous storms. On the journey ahead, we must firmly adhere to the following major principles.

-Upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership. We must resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership and see that Party leadership is exercised in all aspects and every stage of the endeavors of the Party and the country. This will ensure that our Party always remains the pillar that the Chinese people can lean on in times of difficulty, that our socialist modernization advances along the right path, and that we have the political cohesion and confidence in our development to inspire the people to strive in unity. It will see us forming a mighty force to overcome all difficulties with one heart and one mind.

-Following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must continue to pursue economic development as our central task, uphold the Four Cardinal Principles, remain committed to reform and opening up, and stay independent and self-reliant. We must keep to our path and not sway in our commitment. We must not return to the isolation and rigidity of the past, or veer off course by changing our nature or abandoning our system. We must develop our country and our nation with our own strength, and we must maintain a firm grasp on the future of China’s development and progress.

-Applying a people-centered development philosophy. We must protect the people’s fundamental interests, improve their wellbeing, and work tirelessly to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and that its fruits are shared by the people. We must do a better job of seeing that the gains of modernization benefit all our people fairly.

-Remaining committed to deepening reform and opening up. We must intensify efforts to advance reform and explore new ground, and we must remain steadfast in expanding opening up. We must work hard to remove deep-seated institutional barriers so as to fully tap into the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics and continuously imbue our socialist modernization endeavors with fresh dynamism and vitality. We must do better in translating our country’s institutional strengths into effective governance.

-Carrying forward our fighting spirit. We must foster a firmer sense of purpose, fortitude, and self-belief in the whole Party and the Chinese people so that we cannot be swayed by fallacies, deterred by intimidation, or cowed by pressure. We must meet obstacles and difficulties head on, ensure both development and security, and dig deep to surmount the difficulties and challenges on the road ahead. Let us harness our indomitable fighting spirit to open up new horizons for our cause.

Comrades,
Today, we are closer, more confident, and more capable than ever of reaching the goal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. At the same time, we must be prepared to work even harder to get there. All of us in the Party must forge ahead with confidence and determination; proactively identify, respond to, and steer changes and prevent and defuse risks; and keep on striving to secure new successes in building a modern socialist China in all respects.

IV. Accelerating the Creation of a New Development Pattern and Pursuing High-Quality Development

To build a modern socialist country in all respects, we must, first and foremost, pursue high-quality development. Development is our Party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating China, for without solid material and technological foundations, we cannot hope to build a great modern socialist country in all respects. We must fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, continue reforms to develop the socialist market economy, promote high-standard opening up, and accelerate efforts to foster a new pattern of development that is focused on the domestic economy and features positive interplay between domestic and international economic flows.

Pursuing high-quality development as our overarching task, we will make sure that our implementation of the strategy to expand domestic demand is integrated with our efforts to deepen supply-side structural reform; we will boost the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy while engaging at a higher level in the global economy; and we will move faster to build a modernized economy. We will raise total factor productivity, make China’s industrial and supply chains more resilient and secure, and promote integrated urban-rural development and coordinated regional development, so as to effectively upgrade and appropriately expand China’s economic output.

1. Building a high-standard socialist market economy
We must uphold and improve China’s basic socialist economic systems. We must unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. We will work to see that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and that the government better plays its role.

We will deepen reform of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs); accelerate efforts to improve the layout of the state-owned sector and adjust its structure; work to see state-owned capital and enterprises get stronger, do better, and grow bigger; and enhance the core competitiveness of SOEs.

We will provide an enabling environment for private enterprises, protect their property rights and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in accordance with the law, and facilitate the growth of the private sector. We will improve the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features, encourage entrepreneurship, and move faster to help Chinese companies become world-class outfits. We will support the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises.

We will intensify reforms to streamline government administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. We will build a unified national market, advance reforms for the market-based allocation of production factors, and put in place a high-standard market system. We will refine the systems underpinning the market economy, such as those for property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit, in order to improve the business environment.

We will improve the system of macroeconomic governance, give full play to the strategic guidance of national development plans, and enhance coordination between fiscal and monetary policies. We will work to expand domestic demand and better leverage the fundamental role of consumption in stimulating economic growth and the key role of investment in improving the supply structure. We will improve the modern budget system, optimize the tax structure, and improve the system of transfer payments.

We will deepen structural reform in the financial sector, modernize the central bank system, and strengthen and refine modern financial regulation. We will reinforce the systems that safeguard financial stability, place all types of financial activities under regulation according to the law, and ensure no systemic risks arise.

We will improve the functions of the capital market and increase the proportion of direct financing. We will take stronger action against monopolies and unfair competition, break local protectionism and administrative monopolies, and conduct law-based regulation and guidance to promote the healthy development of capital.

2. Modernizing the industrial system
In pursuing economic growth, we must continue to focus on the real economy. We will advance new industrialization and move faster to boost China’s strength in manufacturing, product quality, aerospace, transportation, cyberspace, and digital development. We will carry out industrial foundation reengineering projects and research projects on major technologies and equipment; support enterprises that use special and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products; and move the manufacturing sector toward higher-end, smarter, and greener production.

We will consolidate our leading position in industries where we excel, work faster to shore up weaknesses in sectors vital to China’s development security, and improve our capacity for securing the supply of strategic resources. We will promote the integrated and clustered development of strategic emerging industries and cultivate new growth engines such as next-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, and green industry.

We will build a new system of efficient and high-quality services and promote further integration of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture. We will accelerate development of the Internet of Things and build an efficient and smooth logistics system to help cut distribution costs.

We will accelerate the development of the digital economy, further integrate it with the real economy, and build internationally competitive digital industry clusters. We will build a modern infrastructure system with a better layout and structure, more effective functions, and greater system integration.

3. Advancing rural revitalization across the board
The most challenging and arduous tasks we face in building a modern socialist China in all respects remain in our rural areas. We will continue to put agricultural and rural development first, pursue integrated development of urban and rural areas, and facilitate the flows of production factors between them. We will move faster to build up China’s strength in agriculture and steadily promote the revitalization of businesses, talent, culture, ecosystems, and organizations in the countryside.

We must reinforce the foundations for food security on all fronts. We will ensure that both Party committees and governments assume responsibility for ensuring food security and that China’s total area of farmland does not fall below the redline of 120 million hectares. We will work to gradually develop all permanent basic cropland into high-standard cropland. We will invigorate the seed industry, support the development of agricultural science, technology, and equipment, and refine the mechanisms for ensuring the incomes of grain growers and for compensating major grain-producing areas. With these efforts, we will ensure that China’s food supply remains firmly in its own hands.

We will adopt an all-encompassing approach to food, develop protected agriculture, and build a diversified food supply system. We will foster rural industries with local features to create more channels for increasing rural incomes. We will consolidate and expand our achievements in poverty alleviation and help areas and people that have just shaken off poverty build their own momentum for growth. We will develop infrastructure and public services in rural areas in a well-planned and coordinated way and build a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in.

We will consolidate and improve the basic rural operation system, develop new rural collective economies, cultivate new types of agribusiness and commercial agricultural services, and support appropriately scaled agricultural operations. We will advance reform of the rural land system and grant farmers more adequate property rights and interests. We will safeguard the lawful land rights and interests of rural residents who have moved to urban areas and obtained permanent residency, and we will encourage law-based, voluntary, and paid transfers of such rights and interests. We will improve the systems for supporting and protecting agriculture and the rural financial services system.

4?Promoting coordinated regional development
We will thoroughly implement the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy. We will improve the distribution of the major productive forces and develop a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that complement each other’s strengths and promote high-quality development.

We will make further progress in the large-scale development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the full revitalization of the Northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to modernize more quickly.

We will support old revolutionary base areas and areas with large ethnic minority populations in speeding up development. We will promote development in border areas to boost local economies, raise local living standards, and ensure local stability.

We will promote coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We will build the Xiongan New Area to a high standard and drive forward the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone.

We will improve the functional zoning system and the development of territorial space. We will advance people-centered new urbanization and work faster to grant permanent urban residency to eligible people who move from rural to urban areas.

We will leverage the role of city clusters and metropolitan areas to promote coordinated development of large, medium, and small cities and push forward with urbanization that is centered on county seats. Guided by the principle that cities should be built by the people and for the people, we will improve urban planning, construction, and governance and move faster to change the development models of super-large and mega cities. We will carry out urban renewal projects and improve urban infrastructure to build livable, resilient, and smart cities.

We will develop the marine economy, protect the marine ecological environment, and step up efforts to build China into a strong maritime country.

5. Promoting high-standard opening up
We will leverage the strengths of China’s enormous market, attract global resources and production factors with our strong domestic economy, and amplify the interplay between domestic and international markets and resources. This will position us to improve the level and quality of trade and investment cooperation.

We will steadily expand institutional opening up with regard to rules, regulations, management, and standards. We will upgrade trade in goods, develop new mechanisms for trade in services, and promote digital trade, in order to accelerate China’s transformation into a trader of quality.

We will make appropriate reductions to the negative list for foreign investment, protect the rights and interests of foreign investors in accordance with the law, and foster a world-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized. We will promote the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative.

We will better plan regional opening up, consolidate the leading position of eastern coastal areas in opening up, and more widely open the central, western, and northeastern regions. We will accelerate the construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the western region. We will work faster to develop the Hainan Free Trade Port, upgrade pilot free trade zones, and expand the globally-oriented network of high-standard free trade areas.

We will promote the internationalization of the RMB in an orderly way, deeply involve ourselves in the global industrial division of labor and cooperation, and endeavor to preserve the diversity and stability of the international economic landscape and economic and trade relations.

V. Invigorating China through Science and Education and Developing a Strong Workforce for the Modernization Drive

Education, science and technology, and human resources are-Xinhua
(To be Continued)

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Keep the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics High and Work Together to Create a Modern Socialist Nation in Every Way

Full Text Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
October 16, 2022
Xi Jinping

PART II

Comrades,
On behalf of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), I will now deliver a report to the 20th National Congress.

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a meeting of great importance. It takes place at a critical time as the entire Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects and advance toward the Second Centenary Goal.

The theme of this Congress is holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implementing the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, carrying forward the great founding spirit of the Party, staying confident and building strength, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, forging ahead with enterprise and fortitude, and striving in unity to build a modern socialist country in all respects and advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts.

Since its founding a century ago, the Communist Party of China has taken a remarkable journey. Our Party has dedicated itself to achieving lasting greatness for the Chinese nation and committed itself to the noble cause of peace and development for humanity. Our responsibility is unmatched in importance, and our mission is glorious beyond compare. It is imperative that all of us in the Party never forget our original aspiration and founding mission, that we always stay modest, prudent, and hard-working, and that we have the courage and ability to carry on our fight. We must remain confident in our history, exhibit greater historical initiative, and write an even more magnificent chapter for socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

I. The Work of the Past Five Years and the Great Changes in the First Decade of the New Era

The five years since the 19th National Congress have been truly momentous and extraordinary. The Party Central Committee has pursued a strategy of national rejuvenation amid global changes of a magnitude not seen in a century. It has convened seven plenary sessions, at which it adopted decisions and resolutions on major issues such as revising China’s Constitution, deepening reform of Party and state institutions, upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance, formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, and conducting a thorough review of the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century. At these sessions, major strategic plans were also made for advancing the cause of the Party and the country. The Central Committee has brought together the entire Party, the military, and the Chinese people and led them in effectively responding to grave, intricate international developments and a series of immense risks and challenges. With great effort and determination, we have steadily advanced socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Over the past five years, we have continued to strengthen the overall leadership of the Party and the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee. We have devoted great energy to finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We have fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts, focused on promoting high-quality development, and worked to create a new pattern of development. We have pursued reform at a swift and steady pace, made solid progress in developing whole-process people’s democracy, and advanced law-based governance across all fields of endeavor. We have actively developed advanced socialist culture. We have ensured and improved public wellbeing as a matter of priority and pooled resources to wage a critical battle against poverty. We have made a big push to enhance ecological conservation. We have worked with firm resolve to safeguard national security, fended off and defused major risks, and ensured social stability. We have devoted great energy to modernizing our national defense and the armed forces. We have conducted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts. And we have made sweeping efforts to advance the great new project of Party building.

We celebrated the centenary of the Communist Party of China and the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. We adopted the third resolution concerning the Party’s history, organized Party-wide activities to study Party history, and inaugurated the Museum of the Communist Party of China. We called upon all Party members to study and apply the great founding spirit of the Party, and we encouraged them to create a brighter future by staying true to the Party’s founding mission with greater resolve and purpose on the new journey ahead.

In responding to the sudden outbreak of Covid-19, we put the people and their lives above all else, worked to prevent both imported cases and domestic resurgences, and tenaciously pursued a dynamic zero-Covid policy. In launching an all-out people’s war to stop the spread of the virus, we have protected the people’s health and safety to the greatest extent possible and made tremendously encouraging achievements in both epidemic response and economic and social development.

In the face of turbulent developments in Hong Kong, the central government exercised its overall jurisdiction over the special administrative region as prescribed by China’s Constitution and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was formulated and put into effect, ensuring that Hong Kong is administered by patriots. Thanks to these moves, order has been restored in Hong Kong, marking a major turn for the better in the region. Further headway has been made in developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and supporting Hong Kong and Macao in growing their economies, improving living standards, and maintaining stability.

In response to separatist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence” and gross provocations of external interference in Taiwan affairs, we have resolutely fought against separatism and countered interference, demonstrating our resolve and ability to safeguard China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and to oppose “Taiwan independence.” We have strengthened our strategic initiative for China’s complete reunification and consolidated commitment to the one-China principle within the international community.

Confronted with drastic changes in the international landscape, especially external attempts to blackmail, contain, blockade, and exert maximum pressure on China, we have put our national interests first, focused on internal political concerns, and maintained firm strategic resolve. We have shown a fighting spirit and a firm determination to never yield to coercive power. Throughout these endeavors, we have safeguarded China’s dignity and core interests and kept ourselves well-positioned for pursuing development and ensuring security.

Over the past five years, our Party has rallied the people and led them in solving a great number of problems that had long gone unsolved, securing many accomplishments that hold major future significance, and achieving impressive advances in the cause of the Party and the country.

Comrades,
Ten years have passed since the Party’s 18th National Congress. The past decade marked three major events of great immediate importance and profound historical significance for the cause of the Party and the people: We embraced the centenary of the Communist Party of China; we ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and we eradicated absolute poverty and finished building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, thus completing the First Centenary Goal. These were historic feats-feats accomplished by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people striving in unity, feats that will be forever recorded in the Chinese nation’s history, and feats that will profoundly influence the world.

A decade ago this was the situation we faced:
Great achievements had been secured in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, and notable advances had been made in the great new project of Party building.

All this had created solid foundations, favorable conditions, and key underpinnings for our continued progress.

At the same time, however, a number of prominent issues and problems-some of which had been building for years and others which were just emerging-demanded urgent action.

Inside the Party, there were many issues with respect to upholding the Party’s leadership, including a lack of clear understanding and effective action as well as a slide toward weak, hollow, and watered-down Party leadership in practice. Some Party members and officials were wavering in their political conviction.

Despite repeated warnings, pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance persisted in some localities and departments. Privilege-seeking mindsets and practices posed a serious problem, and some deeply shocking cases of corruption had been uncovered.

China’s economy was beset by acute structural and institutional problems, Development was imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable, and the traditional development model could no longer keep us moving forward. Some deep-seated problems in institutions and barriers built by vested interests were becoming more and more apparent.

Some people lacked confidence in the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, and, all too often, we saw laws being ignored or not being strictly enforced.

Misguided patterns of thinking such as money worship, hedonism, egocentricity, and historical nihilism were common, and online discourse was rife with disorder. All this had a grave impact on people’s thinking and the public opinion environment.

Our work to ensure the people’s wellbeing was fraught with weak links. Tightening resource and environmental constraints and environmental pollution were pronounced.

The systems for safeguarding national security were inadequate, and our capacity for responding to various major risks was insufficient. Many shortcomings were affecting the modernization of national defense and the military.
The institutions and mechanisms for implementing the policy of One Country, Two Systems in Hong Kong and Macao were not well-developed, and China faced grave challenges to its national security.

These were just some of the problems we faced. Back then, many people, both in and outside of our Party, were worried about the future of the Party and the country.

In the face of these acute problems and challenges, which undermined the Party’s long-term governance, the security and stability of the country, and the wellbeing of the people, the Party Central Committee fully assessed the situation, made resolute decisions, and took firm steps. Under its leadership, the entire Party, the military, and the Chinese people were brought together. We rolled up our sleeves and got down to work, forging ahead with resolve to carry out a great struggle with many new features of our times.

Over the past decade, we have stayed committed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development, and we have fully implemented the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as well as the Party’s basic line and basic policy. We have adopted a number of strategic measures, developed a range of transformative practices, and made a series of breakthroughs and landmark advances. We have withstood risks, challenges, and trials in the political, economic, ideological, and natural domains, secured historic achievements and seen historic changes in the cause of the Party and the country, and taken China on a new journey toward building a modern socialist country in all respects.

-We have established the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. In doing so, we have laid out the basic policy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, put forward a series of new ideas, new thinking, and new strategies on national governance, and achieved a new breakthrough in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times. We have endeavored to use this new theory to arm ourselves intellectually, guide our practice, and advance our work. This theory provides us with fundamental guidance for advancing the cause of our Party and our country in the new era.

-We have strengthened Party leadership in all respects. We have made clear that the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, that the Party is the highest force of political leadership, and that upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the highest political principle. We have made systematic improvements to the Party’s leadership systems. All Party members have become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. They have become more purposeful in closely following the Party Central Committee in thinking, political stance, and action, and they have continued to improve their capacity for political judgment, thinking, and implementation. All this has ensured the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership and guaranteed that the Party fulfills its core role of exercising overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all sides. Now, our Marxist party of over 96 million members enjoys greater unity and solidarity than ever.

-We have developed well-conceived and complete strategic plans for advancing the cause of the Party and the country in the new era. We have put forward the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and proposed promoting national rejuvenation through a Chinese path to modernization. We have made well-coordinated efforts to advance our great struggle, our great project, our great cause, and our great dream. We have adopted the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy as well as the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and we have worked to both pursue development and safeguard security. We have identified the principal contradiction facing Chinese society as that between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, and we have made it clear that closing this gap should be the focus of all our initiatives. With these efforts, we have made constant progress in enriching and developing a new form of human advancement.

-We have achieved moderate prosperity, the millennia-old dream of the Chinese nation, through persistent hard work. With this, we have elevated China to a higher historical starting point in development. By galvanizing the entire nation to carry out targeted poverty alleviation, we have won the largest battle against poverty in human history. A total of 832 impoverished counties and close to 100 million poor rural residents have been lifted out of poverty, and, among them, more than 9.6 million poverty-stricken people have been relocated from inhospitable areas. We have, once and for all, resolved the problem of absolute poverty in China, making significant contributions to the cause of global poverty reduction.

-We have put forward and applied a new development philosophy, worked hard to promote high-quality development, and pushed to foster a new pattern of development. We have carried out supply-side structural reform, formulated a series of major regional strategies important to China’s overall development, and brought about a historic rise in China’s economic strength.

In the past decade, China’s GDP has grown from 54 trillion yuan to 114 trillion yuan to account for 18.5 percent of the world economy, up 7.2 percentage points. China has remained the world’s second largest economy, and its per capita GDP has risen from 39,800 yuan to 81,000 yuan. It ranks first in the world in terms of grain output, and it has ensured food and energy security for its more than 1.4 billion people. The number of permanent urban residents has grown by 11.6 percentage points to account for 64.7 percent of the population. China’s manufacturing sector is the largest in the world, as are its foreign exchange reserves. China has built the world’s largest networks of high-speed railways and expressways and made major achievements in building airports, ports, and water conservancy, energy, information, and other infrastructure.

We have accelerated efforts to build our self-reliance and strength in science and technology, with nationwide R&D spending rising from 1 trillion yuan to 2.8 trillion yuan, the second highest in the world. Our country is now home to the largest cohort of R&D personnel in the world.

We have grown stronger in basic research and original innovation, made breakthroughs in some core technologies in key fields, and boosted emerging strategic industries. We have witnessed major successes on multiple fronts, including manned spaceflight, lunar and Martian exploration, deep sea and deep earth probes, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, new energy technology, airliner manufacturing, and biomedicine. China has joined the ranks of the world’s innovators.

-We have comprehensively deepened reform with tremendous political courage. We have carried out critical tasks and enhanced top-level design for reform. We have dared to brave uncharted waters, take on tough problems, navigate potential dangers, and face new issues and challenges. We have broken the shackles of stale thinking, torn down barriers erected by vested interests, and removed institutional obstacles in all areas. This has enabled us to put in place foundational institutional frameworks in all sectors, to achieve historic, systemic, and holistic transformations in many fields, and to complete a new round of reform in Party and state institutions. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become more mature and well-defined, and China’s system and capacity for governance have been further modernized.

-We have pursued a more proactive strategy of opening up. We have worked to build a globally-oriented network of high-standard free trade areas and accelerated the development of pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port. As a collaborative endeavor, the Belt and Road Initiative has been welcomed by the international community both as a public good and a cooperation platform.

China has become a major trading partner for more than 140 countries and regions, it leads the world in total volume of trade in goods, and it is a major destination for global investment and a leading country in outbound investment.

Through these efforts, we have advanced a broader agenda of opening up across more areas and in greater depth.

-We have kept to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics. We have comprehensively developed whole-process people’s democracy, made all-around progress in improving the institutions, standards, and procedures of our socialist democracy, and advanced socialist consultative democracy by way of extensive participation. We have reinforced the foundations that undergird the people’s running of the country, injected fresh vitality into democracy at the community level, and consolidated and expanded the patriotic united front.

We have made new accomplishments in promoting ethnic unity and progress, fully implemented the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, and provided better protections for human rights. We have intensified efforts to advance socialist rule of law in our country, and a comprehensive framework for law-based governance has taken shape.

We have sped up work on developing the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. We have made major progress in reforming the judicial system, thus providing more effective protection for social fairness and justice. These efforts have opened new ground for advancing the rule of law in China.

-We have established and upheld a foundational system for ensuring the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain. The Party’s new theory for the new era has been embraced by the people, the core socialist values are resonating with the public, fine traditional Chinese culture is undergoing creative transformation and development, cultural programs are flourishing, and the online environment has seen continuous improvement. All this has brought overarching and fundamental changes in China’s ideological landscape.

We celebrated the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army, the 40th anniversary of the launch of reform and opening up, the 70th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the global war against fascism, and the 70th anniversary of the Chinese People’s Volunteers’ departure for Korea to resist US aggression and aid Korea.

The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics were a great success.

Our young people are filled with greater optimism and enterprise, and there is a notably stronger sense of cultural confidence and a higher level of morale throughout the Party and the nation.

-We have implemented a people-centered philosophy of development, We have worked continuously to ensure people’s access to childcare, education, employment, medical services, elderly care, housing, and social assistance, thus bringing about an all-around improvement in people’s lives.

China’s life expectancy has reached 78.2 years, its per capita disposable annual income has risen from 16,500 yuan to 35,100 yuan, and more than 13 million urban jobs have been created each year on average over the past 10 years.

We have built the largest education, social security, and healthcare systems in the world. These achievements have allowed us to make historic strides in making education universally available, bring 1.04 billion people under the coverage of basic old-age insurance, and ensure basic medical insurance for 95 percent of the population.

Timely adjustments have been made to the childbirth policy. More than 42 million housing units in run-down urban areas and more than 24 million dilapidated rural houses have been rebuilt, marking a significant improvement in housing conditions in both urban and rural areas. The number of internet users has reached 1.03 billion. We have ensured a more complete and lasting sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security for our people, and we have made further progress in achieving common prosperity for all.

-We have acted on the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. We have persisted with a holistic and systematic approach to conserving and improving mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems, and we have ensured stronger ecological conservation and environmental protection across the board, in all regions, and at all times. China’s ecological conservation systems have been improved, the critical battle against pollution has been advanced, and solid progress has been made in promoting green, circular, and low-carbon development.

This has led to historic, transformative, and comprehensive changes in ecological and environmental protection and has brought us bluer skies, greener mountains, and cleaner waters. -Xinhua
(To be Continued)

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