Africa, consisting of 54 countries with a population ratio of 1.53 billion, has long been stereotyped as one of the most underdeveloped regions in the world. Whenever Africa is mentioned, images of poverty, lack of basic facilities and economic instability dominate the narrative. People imagine a region where millions lack shelter, clothing and basic needs, entrenched in tribes’ systems and reflecting a picture of helplessness and deprivation.
Historically, countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany rarely engaged in significant trade agreements or investments in Africa. While there may have been sporadic assistance or investments in certain sectors, they pale compared to China’s approach since 2000. However, China’s official entry into Africa’s investment landscape dates back to 1999, when it began partnerships with African nations. In 2000, the establishment of FOCAC (Forum on China-Africa Cooperation) marked a turning point, followed by the creation of the China-Africa Development Fund in 2007. This paved the way for strategic partnerships, comprehensive infrastructure projects, debt relief and financing agreements.
Africa, comprising 54 countries, has 53 of them as part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The exception is Eswatini, due to its diplomatic relations with Taiwan. China’s policy and stance on Taiwan are well-known, as it considers Taiwan an integral part of China. Despite the geographical distance of 7,000 kilometers between China and Africa, the region has become a central focus of China’s ambitious economic and infrastructure projects.
Since Chinese President Xi Jinping launched the One Belt, One Road Initiative in 2013, Africa has witnessed significant economic transformation. Estimates suggest that trade between Africa and China reached $282 billion by 2023, showcasing the magnitude of China’s investments. China’s emphasis on connectivity, infrastructure development and global integration is evident in Africa, where it has built roads, railways and other essential infrastructure.
Previously considered a forgotten region, Africa has seen remarkable progress since 2000, especially after 2013. Comparing Africa’s state before 2000, between 2000 and 2013, and post-2013 reveals stark differences. Friends from Kenya and Zimbabwe, who are personally involved in China’s projects, have observed and researched these developments extensively. They highlight the gratitude of African communities for China’s efforts in transforming the region’s infrastructure and economy, which were previously unimaginable.
As a student of international relations, the comparison between China’s and other global powers’ approaches reveals significant insights. While China promotes stability and sustainable development, powers like the United States have historically engaged in conflicts, such as in Afghanistan and Iraq, under the guise of ensuring global peace and human rights. In contrast, China’s proactive strategy fosters growth, connectivity and progress, with Africa standing as a testament to its vision.
China’s approach to Africa, focusing on development rather than war, highlights a path toward a stable and interconnected future, offering a model for other global powers to emulate.
China’s investment in African countries has become a cornerstone of its global economic and geopolitical strategy, transforming Africa’s infrastructure and economic landscape
1990s China’s interest in Africa began with partnerships focused on resource extraction and development aid. 2000 The establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) marked a turning point, institutionalizing Sino-African relations.
2007 Launch of the China-Africa Development Fund, aimed at financing African development projects. Focus Areas of Investment Infrastructure Development Roads, railways, airports and seaports have been constructed or upgraded, easing trade and improving connectivity.
Notable projects include Kenya’s Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway and Ethiopia’s Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway.
Energy Projects Investments in hydropower plants, solar energy, and oil exploration have expanded access to electricity.
Examples include the Kariba South Hydropower Expansion Project in Zimbabwe and Bui Dam in Ghana. Mining and Natural Resources Chinese companies extract resources such as oil, copper, and cobalt, vital for China’s industries.
Countries like Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo are key resource suppliers.
Industrial Parks Development of special economic zones and industrial parks, such as Ethiopia’s Eastern Industrial Zone, fostering job creation and local manufacturing.
Telecommunications: Companies like Huawei and ZTE have improved Africa’s digital infrastructure, including 4G/5G networks. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
Africa is integral to China’s BRI, with 53 out of 54 African nations participating.
Investments focus on creating a seamless trade and infrastructure network linking Africa with Asia and Europe.
Technology Transfer: African countries gain access to Chinese expertise and technologies.
The conclusion about China-Africa cooperation reflects a complex relationship shaped by shared interests, mutual benefits, and challenges. China and African nations benefit from this partnership. Africa gains infrastructure development, investment, and technology transfer, while China access to new markets, and diplomatic support in global platforms.
Chinese investments in Africa, particularly in infrastructure, have accelerated economic growth and regional connectivity. Projects like roads, railways, and ports have significantly enhanced trade and development opportunities.
China-Africa cooperation holds immense potential for transforming African economies.
