Iraq, a nation scarred by conflict and foreign influence, has seen its sacred grounds desecrated, most notably witnessed in the attacks on the Askarian shrines. These acts of violence, perpetrated by groups like Daesh (ISIS), are deeply entwined with Iraq’s tumultuous political history and the repressive reign of Saddam Hussein.
Saddam Hussein’s dictatorial rule over Iraq from 1979 to 2003 was characterized by an iron-fisted approach, marked by brutal suppression, human rights abuses, and discrimination against various groups, particularly targeting the Shia population. Let’s explore Saddam Hussein’s role in fostering an atmosphere of fear and oppression, especially towards the Shia community, within the broader context of Iraq’s political and social history. Saddam Hussein’s regime was notorious for its harsh measures against political opposition. The Ba’athist government employed tactics such as torture, imprisonment, and executions to stifle dissent and maintain a tight grip on power. Any perceived threat to Saddam’s regime, whether real or imagined, was met with brutal repression. His government predominantly consisted of Sunni Muslims, and he himself hailed from the Sunni minority. This led to discriminatory policies against the Shia majority, comprising about 60-65% of Iraq’s population. Saddam’s regime marginalized the Shia community, limiting their access to education, government positions, and other opportunities.
In the wake of the Gulf War in 1991, there were uprisings by the Shia population against Saddam’s regime, particularly in the southern regions. These uprisings were met with extreme brutality. Saddam’s forces carried out widespread human rights abuses, including mass executions, torture, and rape, against Shia civilians. The Marsh Arabs, primarily Shia, were subjected to forced displacements and repression during Saddam’s rule. The regime drained the southern marshes, displacing tens of thousands and disrupting a way of life that had existed for millennia. Additionally, the infamous Anfal campaign in the late 1980s targeted Kurdish populations, resulting in thousands of deaths, further showcasing Saddam’s ruthlessness.
Nestled in the city of Samarra, Iraq, the Askarian Shrines emerge as not mere architectural marvels, but as the heart and soul of Shia Islam. These sacred grounds hold the earthly remains of Imam Ali al-Hadi and his son, Imam Hasan al-Askari-venerated figures in Twelver Shia Islam. The Askarian Shrines beckon pilgrims from every corner of the globe, drawing them into a realm where devotion transcends earthly boundaries. However, this devotion has been tested through the crucible of time, as these hallowed shrines have faced heinous acts of violence and desecration, underscoring the enduring struggle to preserve faith and heritage. The attacks not only physically damaged these holy sites but also sought to shatter the spiritual unity that these shrines symbolize for Shia Muslims. Understanding these events requires delving into the dark chapters of history that mar the sanctity of these sacred grounds.
February 22, 2006 – A Day of Infamy:
On the ominous day of February 22, 2006, the Askari Shrine was first targeted by a brutal act of terrorism. A bomb detonated within the shrine’s premises, causing extensive damage to this revered structure. The blast left not only the shrine in ruins but also shook the very foundations of the Shia community. The repercussions were felt across Iraq and beyond, as sectarian tensions escalated, resulting in retaliatory violence and bloodshed.
June 13, 2007 – A Despicable Repeat:
A little over a year later, on June 13, 2007, tragedy struck again. The Askari Shrine faced another devastating attack, compounding the agony of the Shia faithful. This time, the bombing inflicted further damage on the already scarred shrine, exacerbating the wounds of a community grappling with a profound sense of loss and outrage. The repeated targeting of such revered sanctuaries highlighted a deliberate attempt to destabilize the nation by sowing seeds of sectarian strife.
The Perpetrators: Daesh and Sectarian Divisions:
The heinous acts against the Askarian Shrines were claimed by extremist factions, prominently the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS or Daesh). This radical group, known for its extremist ideology and brutality, deliberately targeted Shia religious sites to provoke sectarian divisions and incite a sectarian war within Iraq. The attacks on the Askarian Shrines were part of a broader strategy to deepen schisms and weaken the fabric of Iraq’s social and religious unity.
A Symbolic Struggle for Resilience:
Despite the tragic desecrations and the pain inflicted upon the Shia community, the Askarian Shrines stand as symbols of resilience and strength. The faithful have united in their determination to rebuild and restore these sacred grounds, symbolizing their unwavering commitment to their faith and heritage. This resilience sends a powerful message – that the spirit of unity and devotion cannot be crushed by acts of terror.
The attacks on the Askarian Shrines represent a tragic chapter in the history of religious violence. The resilience and fortitude exhibited by the Shia community and the efforts to rebuild these shrines are a testament to the enduring power of faith and unity, even in the face of immense adversity. The Askarian Shrines will forever stand as beacons of hope, reminding the world of the strength and resilience of the Shia community. As we reflect on their resilience, we are reminded that amidst tragedy, unity and faith can prevail, ensuring that the light of hope never wavers, even in the darkest of times.