The twenty-first century has rightly been described as the era of the digital revolution. Artificial intelligence (AI), big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the digital economy are transforming every aspect of human life. As technology reshapes societies, the concept of human rights is also evolving. Today, human rights encompass not only the protection of life, liberty, and equality but also digital inclusion, data privacy, cybersecurity, responsible AI governance, and equal access to technological opportunities.
Recognizing these emerging realities, China has given special prominence to “Emerging Human Rights” in its National Human Rights Action Plan (2026-2030). The plan outlines a vision in which technological innovation is directed toward improving people’s well-being, advancing social justice, and promoting sustainable development so that every citizen can benefit from the opportunities created by the digital era.
At the heart of this vision is China’s AI Plus Strategy, which seeks to integrate artificial intelligence into key sectors, including education, healthcare, employment, culture, tourism, social welfare, and public administration. According to this approach, technology should serve not only as an engine of economic growth but also as a tool for enhancing the quality of life, protecting human dignity, and creating more inclusive societies.
A major priority is expanding high-speed internet access and strengthening digital infrastructure in rural and remote regions. By narrowing the digital divide between urban and rural communities, China aims to ensure that technological progress is shared more equitably. Artificial intelligence is also being incorporated into public administration to improve efficiency, transparency, and accessibility, enabling citizens to receive faster and more effective public services.
In healthcare, digital transformation is advancing through electronic health records, telemedicine, AI-assisted diagnosis, and intelligent healthcare management systems. Likewise, education is undergoing significant modernization through smart classrooms, national digital learning platforms, AI-assisted teaching, and digital skills development, equipping future generations with the knowledge and capabilities required in a rapidly changing world.
China is also utilizing digital technologies to preserve and promote its cultural heritage. Museums, libraries, historical archives, and cultural resources are being digitized, while online literary, artistic, and cultural initiatives are expanding public access to national heritage and encouraging younger generations to remain connected with their cultural identity.
An important feature of this development strategy is its emphasis on inclusivity. Special measures are being introduced to ensure that elderly citizens, persons with disabilities, and other vulnerable groups are not excluded from the benefits of digital transformation. Accessible digital platforms, user-friendly mobile applications, assistive technologies, and digital literacy programmes are designed to enable broader participation in the digital economy and society.
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, China has also emphasized the importance of ethical and legal safeguards. The Action Plan highlights the need for algorithmic transparency, protection of personal data, stronger cybersecurity, and the development of AI systems that operate fairly and without discrimination. These measures reflect the growing international recognition that technological innovation must be accompanied by effective governance and public trust.
The Action Plan further underscores the importance of corporate social responsibility. Businesses are encouraged to integrate respect for human rights, labour rights, environmental protection, and sustainable development into their operations. Enterprises, particularly those participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), are encouraged to comply with local laws, respect cultural traditions, protect the environment, and contribute positively to the welfare of local communities.
As nations navigate an increasingly digital future, artificial intelligence and emerging technologies are becoming essential drivers of economic growth, social development, and national competitiveness. Yet technological advancement alone cannot guarantee meaningful progress. Its true value lies in ensuring that innovation promotes human dignity, equality, fairness, and public well-being.
China’s National Human Rights Action Plan presents a vision in which technological progress is closely linked with social development and human-centred governance. It reflects the view that the future will be shaped not only by technological innovation but also by the responsible, inclusive, and equitable application of that innovation. A digital future that places people at its centre offers the prospect of a more secure, more just, and more sustainable world.
